Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 5 Personality and Values1) According to Gordon Allport, ________ is defined as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment.A) cognitive dissonanceB) heredityC) personalityD) descentE) genealogyAnswer: CExplanation: C) The definition of personality we most frequently use was produced by Gordon Allport nearly 70 years ago. He said personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment."LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and individual behavior2) Who defined personality as the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine a person's unique adjustments to his/her environment?A) Leon FestingerB) Dr. Sigmund FreudC) Gordon AllportD) Abraham MaslowE) Ivan PavlovAnswer: CExplanation: C) The definition of personality most frequently used was produced by Gordon Allport nearly 70 years ago. He said that personality is "the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment."LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and individual behavior1Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.3) ________ is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.A) TalentB) SkillC) KnowledgeD) HeredityE) PersonalityAnswer: EExplanation: E) Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and individual behavior4) Esther Lugo has gone for an interview at an advertising firm in Manhattan and has been asked to complete a self-report survey to help interviewers understand if she is the right candidate for the job. From the interview, they have found that she is extroverted, empathic, scrupulous, and cooperative in nature, which are key characteristics needed for the job. These characteristics about Lugo indicate her ________.A) talentB) skillC) knowledgeD) genealogyE) personalityAnswer: EExplanation: E) Personality is the sum total of ways in which an individual reacts to and interacts with others.LO: 1AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and individual behavior5) Which of the following is the most common means of measuring personality?A) in-depth interviewsB) self-report surveysC) career portfolioD) reference interviewsE) stress interviewsAnswer: BExplanation: B) The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. In such surveys, individuals evaluate themselves on a series of factors, such as "I worry a lot about the future."LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and individual behavior2Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.6) Which of the following is a drawback of self-report surveys?A) They can hold only a limited number of questions.B) They involve a large number of people in the evaluation process.C) They may have biased results if the surveyor's judgment is biased.D) They comprise a large number of complex statistical data.E) They may result in the respondent lying to create a good impression.Answer: EExplanation: E) The most common means of measuring personality is through self-report surveys. Though self-report measures work well when well-constructed, one weakness is that therespondent might lie or practice impression management to create a good impression.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study7) In ________, a co-worker or another observer does an independent assessment of personality, with or without the subject's knowledge.A) observer-ratings surveysB) paid surveysC) knowledge surveysD) deviation surveysE) cadastral surveysAnswer: AExplanation: A) Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent assessment of personality. In such surveys, a co-worker or another observer does the rating, with or without the subject's knowledge.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study3Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Tracy Winter works at a publishing firm in London and recently received an e-mail from the human resource department of her company asking her to study the behavior of a colleague, Cindy Camp, including her attention toward her work, without Camp’s knowledge. Winter now needs to scrutinize Camp's behavior and notice if she is free from distractions and pays sufficientattention to her tasks. Which of the following is Winter conducting?A) observer-ratings surveyB) informational interviewC) knowledge surveyD) participant observationE) focus group surveyAnswer: AExplanation: A) Observer-ratings surveys provide an independent assessment of personality. In such surveys, a co-worker or another observer does the rating, with or without the subject's knowledge.LO: 1AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Define organizational behavior and identify the variables associated with its study9) Which of the following terms refers to factors such as one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup determined at conception?A) social identityB) heredityC) behavioral contagionD) self-concordanceE) social loafingAnswer: BExplanation: B) Personality appears to be a result of both hereditary and environmental factors. Heredity refers to factors determined at conception. Physical stature, facial attractiveness, gender, temperament, muscle composition and reflexes, energy level, and biological rhythms are generally considered to be either completely or substantially influenced by one's biological, physiological, and inherent psychological makeup.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Explain the relationship between personality traits and