Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 9 Foundations of Group Behavior1) Which of the following is true with regard to groups?A) A group is characterized by the independence of its members.B) A group typically lacks definite roles and structures.C) A group influences our emotional reactions.D) An informal gathering cannot be considered a group.E) The membership of a group does not affect how its members treat outsiders.Answer: CExplanation: C) Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group is the territory of social identity theory. Social identity theory proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem gets tied into the group's performance.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations2) Which of the following is true regarding formal groups?A) They are natural formations that arise in response to the need for social contact.B) They lack clearly defined structures and roles for their members.C) They have negligible impact on employee performance and behavior.D) A group of people who come together to protest against a new law make up a formal group.E) They are marked by stipulated behaviors in pursuit of organizational goals.Answer: EExplanation: E) A formal group is one that is defined by the organization's structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. In formal groups, the behaviors team members should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations1Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.3) An informal group is characterized by the ________.A) stipulation of expected behaviors by the organizationB) predetermined designation of tasks of membersC) pursuit of particular organizational goalsD) fulfillment of the need for social contactE) creation of timelines and rationaleAnswer: DExplanation: D) An informal group is neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. Informal groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations4) Which of the following differentiates between formal and informal groups?A) The timeline of reference for formal groups is greater than that for informal groups.B) The impact of formal groups on organizational performance is less than that of informal groups.C) Formal groups pursue the goal of social contact, while informal groups have definite organizational goals to attain.D) Formal groups are typically smaller in size when compared to informal groups.E) Formal groups involve clearly defined tasks and roles, while informal groups are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined.Answer: EExplanation: E) A formal group is one that is defined by the organization's structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. An informal group is neither formally structurednor organizationally determined.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations2Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.5) Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group we are a part of is the territory of the ________ theory.A) social exchangeB) expectancyC) social identityD) reinforcementE) equityAnswer: CExplanation: C) Our tendency to take personal pride or offense for the accomplishments of a group is the territory of social identity theory.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations6) Which of the following is true with regard to the social identity theory?A) It proposes that members take personal pride in accomplishments but dissociate from the group in the event of any offenses or failures.B) It proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem is tied into the group's performance.C) It proposes that people develop only one social identity in childhood that becomes more defined and concrete in the course of their lives.D) It proposes that social identities can never be detrimental as they have no effect on how members of an ingroup view members of an out-group.E) It proposes that members of an ingroup are viewed as being homogeneous, while members of an out-group are seen as being heterogeneous.Answer: BExplanation: B) Social identity theory proposes that people have emotional reactions to the failure or success of their group because their self-esteem gets tied into the group's performance.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations3Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7) ________ is defined as the tendency to see members of the group of which we are a part of as better than other people.A) Ingroup homogeneityB) XenocentrismC) Ingroup favoritismD) Black sheep effectE) Hindsight biasAnswer: CExplanation: C) Ingroup favoritism means we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe best practices for utilizing groups and work teams in organizations8) At Milton farms, where a large part of the management comes from the same sociocultural background, many employees of diverse ethical or cultural origins are hired only to ensure legal compliance with laws relating to diversity at the workplace. The company's day-to-day functioning leaves much to be desired in terms of promoting diversity. Recently, the owner's cousin was promoted to the post of a branch manager while three suitable candidates hailing from different cultures were blatantly overlooked. This is an example of ________.A) social loafingB) ingroup favoritismC) groupthinkD) contrast biasE) social exchangeAnswer: BExplanation: B) Ingroup favoritism means we see members of our ingroup as better than other people, and people not in our group as all the same.LO: 1AACSB: Analytic