Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 12 Leadership1) Leadership is best defined as ________.A) the ability to merely project one's abilities in the lack of actual accomplishmentsB) the ability to reduce the dependence of team members on each otherC) the ability to induce the team members to focus on individual goals rather than collective goalsD) the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goalsE) the ability to use factors like training and experience to reduce dependence on formal leadershipAnswer: DExplanation: D) Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence a group toward the achievement of a vision or set of goals. Leaders can emerge from within a group as well as by formal appointment.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership2) Which of the following statements regarding leadership is true?A) All managers are leaders.B) Formal rights ensure good leadership.C) Formal appointment is essential in creating leaders.D) All leaders are hierarchically superior to followers.E) Nonsanctioned leadership is as important as formal influence.Answer: EExplanation: E) The source of a leader's influence may be formal, such as that provided by managerial rank in an organization. But not all leaders are managers, nor, for that matter, are all managers leaders. Just because an organization provides its managers with certain formal rights is no assurance they will lead effectively. Nonsanctioned leadership—the ability to influence thatarises outside the formal structure of the organization—is often as important as or more important than formal influence.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership1Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.3) Which of the following is a desirable feature of leadership?A) one-directional influence from the leader to the followerB) coercive power and authorityC) lack of freedomD) passivity of followersE) coexistence of leaders and managersAnswer: EExplanation: E) Organizations need strong leadership and strong management for optimal effectiveness. We need leaders today to challenge the status quo, create visions of the future, and inspire organizational members to want to achieve the visions. We also need managers to formulate detailed plans, create efficient organizational structures, and oversee day-to-day operations.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership4) Trait theories of leadership focus on ________.A) the special relationship that leaders establish with a small group of their followersB) the personal qualities and characteristics that differentiate leaders from nonleadersC) the way the leader makes decisionsD) the extent to which followers are willing and able to accomplish a specific taskE) the match between the leader's style and the degree to which the situation gives the leader controlAnswer: BExplanation: B) Trait theories of leadership focus on personal qualities and characteristics. The search for personality, social, physical, or intellectual attributes that differentiate leaders from nonleaders goes back to the earliest stages of leadership research.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership2Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.5) Which of the following Big Five personality traits has been identified as the most important trait in effective leaders?A) conscientiousnessB) opennessC) extraversionD) agreeablenessE) emotional stabilityAnswer: CExplanation: C) A comprehensive review of leadership literature, when organized around the Big Five, has found extraversion to be the most important trait of effective leaders but more strongly related to leader emergence than to leader effectiveness. Conscientiousness and openness to experience also showed strong relationships to leadership, though not quite as strongas extraversion.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership6) Emotional intelligence (EI) is critical to effective leadership because one of its core components is ________, which reflects the consideration that leaders must be able to express.A) conscientiousnessB) empathyC) optimismD) introversionE) perfectionismAnswer: BExplanation: B) A core component of EI is empathy. Empathetic leaders can sense others' needs,listen to what followers say (and don't say), and read the reactions of others. The caring part of empathy, especially for the people with whom you work, is what inspires people to stay with a leader when the going gets rough.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership3Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7) Trait theories most accurately predict ________.A) distinguishing features of an effective leaderB) differences between an effective and an ineffective leaderC) success of a leaderD) roles to be played by the leaderE) emergence of a leaderAnswer: EExplanation: E) Traits are more accurate in predicting the emergence of leaders and the appearance of leadership than actually distinguishing between effective and ineffective leaders.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Summarize the major theories of and approaches to leadership4Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.8) Tim Wrench was leading the client services division of AmWeb for seven years when he was asked to move to another region where the company was setting up its office. Before moving, Tim was asked to help in finding a successor for him from his team. Tim's most obvious choice was Judy Judge, and the management accepted his choice as Judy was a popular person across the company. Judy was known for her vivacious nature, was often seen speaking to employees from various divisions, and was always excited to take up a new opportunity. Once she became aleader, she continued to give employees freedom and flexibility even if it resulted in deficiencies on the work front like missed deadlines or low quality. Judy's initial weeks as a leader were full of confusion among her team members, but many felt that the situation would come under control. When things did not