Organizational Behavior, 16e (Robbins/Judge)Chapter 7 Motivation Concepts1) ________ is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.A) LeadershipB) ManagementC) LearningD) Emotional laborE) MotivationAnswer: EExplanation: E) Motivation is defined as the processes that account for an individual's intensity, direction, and persistence of effort toward attaining a goal.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance2) The ________ dimension of motivation measures how long a person can maintain effort.A) directionB) persistenceC) intensityD) knowledgeE) experienceAnswer: BExplanation: B) Motivation has a persistence dimension. This measures how long a person can maintain effort. Motivated individuals stay with a task long enough to achieve their goal.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance1Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.3) The ________ element of motivation describes how hard a person tries.A) intelligenceB) experienceC) directionD) intensityE) persistenceAnswer: DExplanation: D) Intensity describes how hard a person tries. This is the element most of us focuson when we talk about motivation.LO: 1Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance4) Which level of Maslow's hierarchy of needs deals with satisfying one's hunger, thirst, and other bodily needs?A) safetyB) physiologicalC) socialD) esteemE) psychologicalAnswer: BExplanation: B) Maslow hypothesized that within every human being there exists a hierarchy of five needs. The lowest, most basic needs are physiological. They include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance2Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.The church you go to every Sunday is made up of people who have very different lifestyles and are at different stages in their life. Joanna is a 23-year-old, single parent who works for minimumwage and shifts from motel to motel for accommodation. Josephine is a single, 45-year-old woman who earns a decent salary and has few interests and friends outside her office. Jonathan is60 years old, extremely wealthy, has a loving family, and enjoys his work. You have decided to apply Maslow's hierarchy of needs to determine what motivates each of these individuals.5) Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Joanna?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: CExplanation: C) Joanna first needs to satisfy her basic physiological needs, which include hunger, thirst, shelter, sex, and other bodily needs.LO: 2AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance6) Which of the following needs would most likely motivate Josephine?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: AExplanation: A) According to Maslow, because Josephine is single and has little social interaction, she would strive to satisfy her social needs, which include affection, belongingness, acceptance, and friendship.LO: 2AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance3Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.7) Which of the following needs would most motivate Jonathan?A) socialB) esteemC) physiologicalD) self-actualizationE) safetyAnswer: DExplanation: D) According to Maslow, because Jonathan has satisfied all the previous needs in Maslow's hierarchy, he would be seeking self-actualization.LO: 2AACSB: Analytic SkillsDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ApplicationLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance8) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which of the following is a lower-order need?A) socialB) safetyC) esteemD) self-actualizationE) recognitionAnswer: BExplanation: B) Maslow separated the five needs into higher and lower orders. Physiological and safety needs were lower-order needs, and social, esteem, and self-actualization were higher-order needs.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance4Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.9) If we consider Maslow's hierarchy of needs in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, then ________ needs would be on top of the hierarchy.A) self-actualizationB) securityC) socialD) esteemE) growthAnswer: BExplanation: B) If we consider Maslow's needs hierarchy in the context of Japan, Greece, and Mexico, where uncertainty-avoidance characteristics are strong, security needs would be on top of the hierarchy.LO: 2AACSB: Multicultural and DiversityDifficulty: ModerateQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance10) Which of the following needs in Maslow's hierarchy refers to the drive to become what one is capable of becoming?A) socialB) self-actualizationC) physiologicalD) esteemE) safetyAnswer: BExplanation: B) Self-actualization refers to the drive to become what we are capable of becoming. It includes growth, achieving our potential, and self-fulfillment.LO: 2Difficulty: EasyQuest. Category: ConceptLearning Outcome: Describe the major theories of motivation and relate them to organizational performance5Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.11) Why is Maslow's theory criticized?A) The concept of self-actualization was unfounded.B) There is little evidence that needs are structured or operate in the way it describes.C) The esteem need is a more powerful motivator than self-actualization.D) Its terminology tends to alienate those to whom it is applied.E) It does not adequately describe how an organization can satisfy higher-order needs.Answer: BExplanation: B) Research does not