MGT 305 1st Edition Final Exam Study Guide Chapter 8 Foundations of Planning 3 questions What are the types of goals an organization can have How are they different Financial Goals related to the company s financial performance Strategic Goals related to all other areas of an organization s performance Stated Goals official statements of what an organization says and what it wants its various stakeholders to believe its goals are Real Goals goals that an organization actually pursues as defined by the actions of its members Strategic Plans plans that apply to the entire organization and establish the organization s overall goals Operational Plans plans that encompass a particular operational area of organization Long term Plans more than 3 years Short term Plans one year or less Specific Plans plans that are clearly defined and leave no room for interpretation Directional Plans plans that are flexible and set out general guidelines Chapter 10 Managerial Controls 3 questions What is the difference between subjective and objective performance measures Objective performance measures will be based on actual performance of the employee and will be backed up by data and observable results Productivity the amount of goods or services produced by the inputs needed to generate that output and organizational effectiveness a measure of how appropriate organizational goals are and how well those goals are being met play an important part in objective performance measures like disciplinary actions effective feedback feedforward and concurrent control On the other hand subjective performance measures will be based on opinions thoughts and interpretations and may not be the most suited to perform any given decision in the workplace Chapter 5 Social Responsibility Ethics 3 questions What are the 3 stages of moral development Pre Conventional Morality when one judges an action by its direct consequences Conventional Morality when one judges an action by society s views and expectations Post Conventional Morality when one s morality is guided by principles of right and wrong independent of societal expectations Chapter 3 Managing in a Global Environment 3 questions What are the 5 dimensions in Hofstede s framework of national culture 1 Individualistic people who look after their own and family interests Collectivistic people who expect the group to look after and protect them 2 High power distance accepts wide differences in power great deal of respect for those in authority Low power distance plays down inequalities employees are not afraid to approach nor are in awe of the boss 3 High uncertainty avoidance threatened with ambiguity and experience high levels of anxiety Low uncertainty avoidance comfortable with risks tolerant of different behaviors and opinions 4 Achievement values such as assertiveness acquiring money and goods and competition prevail Nurturing values such as relationships and concern for others prevail 5 Long term orientation people look to the future and value thrift and persistence Short term orientation people who value tradition and the past Chapter 2 Constrains Challenges 3 questions What are the 4 manifestations of culture Stories organizational stories typically contain a narrative of significant events or people including such things as the organization s founders rule breaking and reactions to past mistakes Exemplify what s important to the company and provide pictures of the organization s goals Rituals corporate rituals are repetitive sequences of activities that express and reinforce the important values and goals of the organization Material Artifacts and Symbols The layout of an organization s facilities how employees dress the types of automobiles provided to top executives are examples of material symbols Others are size of offices elegance of furnishing and benefits provided to employees Language organizations use language as a way to identify and unite members of a culture Over time organizations often develop unique terms to describe equipment key personnel suppliers customers and products Chapter 9 Strategic Management 4 questions What are the sub components of the different types of Company Strategies Corporate Strategy an organizational strategy that determines what businesses a company is in or wants to be in and what it wants to do with those businesses grow them keep them the same or renew them Growth Strategy a corporate strategy that s used when an organization wants to expand the number of markets served or products offered either through its current business or through new businesses Stability Strategy a corporate strategy in which an organization continues to do what it is currently doing Renewal Strategy a corporate strategy designed to address declining performance Competitive Strategy an organizational strategy for how the company will compete in its businesses Functional Strategy the strategies used by an organization s various functional departments to support the competitive strategy Chapter 7 Change Innovation 7 questions What are the 8 Steps of Kotter s Change Model 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Establish urgency Forming a coalition Vision and Strategy Common Vision Empowered Action Short term wins Move Momentum Anchoring Change What are the common reasons why people are resistant to change Uncertainty Habit Concern over loss Belief it s not the organization s best interest Tolerance for change What are the definitions for the 3 common causes of stress e g Role Conflict that employee s experience Role Conflicts work expectations that are hard to satisfy Role Overload having more work to accomplish than time permits Role Ambiguity when role expectations are not clearly understood Chapter 11 12 Basic Adaptive Organizational Design 2 questions What are the 6 elements of organizational design e g span of control Chain of Command Departmentalization Formalization Span of Control Specialization Division of Labor Chapter 13 Managing Human Resources 6 questions What are the major laws legal considerations for HR managers Equal Employment Opportunity and Discrimination Equal Pay Act 1963 prohibits pay differences for equal work based on gender Civil Rights Act Title VII 1964 prohibits discrimination based on race color religion national origin or gender Age Discrimination in Employment Act 1967 prohibits discrimination against employees 40 years and older Americans with Disabilities 1990 prohibits discrimination against individuals who have disabilities or