Psyc 111 1st Edition Lecture 22Outline of Last Lecture I. Psychodynamic TheoriesII. Humanistic TheoriesOutline of Current LectureI. Trait TheoriesII. Mental DisordersIII. Anxiety DisordersCurrent LectureI. Trait TheoriesTrait theories were first studied by Cattell, and are the theories of source traits, such as being nice, and surface traits, such as being friendly, compassionate, and caring. The original study for these theories were attempts to describe personalities through adjectives and studying L-data, ora list of surface traits decided by friends from a list of 170 adjectives. They also studied Q-data, which was when people assessed themselves on a questionnaire. Eysenck also studied trait theories, and developed the Constitutional Theory of Personality, which consisted of the ectomorph, the mesomorph, and the endomorph. According to Eysenck, there are two source traits, Introversion-Extroversion, and Neuroticism-Stability. They are related to Hippocrates’ 4 personality types. Cattell and Eysenck’s theories have been synthesized into one personality questionnaire. The big 5 personality factorsare Extroversion-Introversion, Neuroticism-Stability, Agreeableness-Antagonsim, Conciousness-Indirectedness, and Openness-Nonopenness. II. Mental DisordersThere are three different types of mental disorders: medical disorders, behavioral disorders, and sociocultural disorders. Mental disorders are caused by predisposing symptoms, precipitating symptoms, and muintaining symtoms. The diagnostic and statistic manual IV (DSM-IV) is what is used to These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.diagnose and categorize mental disorders. They include specific diagnostic criteria, which are: essential features of the disorder, associated features of the disorder, diagnostic criteria, and information on different diagnoses. The five diagnosis axes include clinical syndrome, personality disorders or mentalretardation, general medical disorders, psychosocial and environmental problems, and global assessment of functioning. Related issues include neurosis and psychosis,III. Anxiety DisordersThere are 3 components to anxiety disorders. They include subjective reports, behavioral responses, and psychological responses. Anxiety disorders are the single largest mental health problem. There are three general patterns associated with anxiety disorders: panic disorders and generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and OCD. Panic disorders are panic attacks and intervening periods where derealization and depersonalization occurs. People often go to the emergency room for these, and can be caused by caffeine. Generalized anxiety disorders are when someone is in a chronic state of diffuse anxiety, and experience restlessness, irritability, insomnia, and a resting state of panic disorders.Phobias are an intense, irrational fear of an object or a situation. They are often simple and specific. Social phobias are more realistic and more impairing then simple phobias. They can include public speaking, eating in public, and public bathrooms. Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is whenan obsession is equal to one’s thoughts, and the compulsion is equal to one’sbehavior. It can include cleaning rituals and checking rituals, and often follows a stressful event. It is not like compulsive gambling or