Grade Buddy PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 8Outline of Last Lecture I. LearningII. Classical ConditioningIII. Operant ConditioningOutline of Current LectureI. The NeuronII. NeurotransmittersCurrent LectureI. The NeuronA neuron is a nerve cell that processes and transmits information through electrical and chemical processes. Phineas Gage is a famous case of a man who had a metal rod pierce his head and left frontal lobe of the brain, yet he survived and was still able to function for several years after his accident. The brain is made up of nerve cells, which have organelles and a nucleus, and deal with dendrites, which pick up signals from other neurons. An axon is a nerve fiber that transmits information to nerves, muscles, and glands. At axon terminals, a specific reaction occurs that allows Calcium (Ca++) to begin to flow in, and little vesicles move towards the membrane. There are also glial cells, which are support cells to the axon cells and neurotransmitters. II. NeurotransmittersNeurotransmitters are chemicals that transmit signals across a synapse from one neuron to another target neuron. Neurotransmitters are released from synaptic vesicles in synapses into the synaptic cleft, where they are received by receptors on other synapses. They deal with action potential, and inside an axon, sodium moves into the axon, making it positive inside. In the axon terminal, Potassium moves out of the axon, reestablishing the resting potential. Acetylcholine is a neurotransmitter that is found in the peripheral nervous system and the neuromuscular junction. Agonists increase activity and antagonists decrease activity in a neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is a neurotransmitter that leads to REM sleep. Dopamine is These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.released in the motor pathway and the reward pathway. Serotonine is found in the Raphea nucleus and leads to the onset of non-REM
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