PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 2 Outline of Last Lecture I Origins of Psychology II First Theory of Personality Outline of Current Lecture II Enlightenment III 19th Century IV Advent of Modern Psychology V Psychoanalysis Current Lecture I Enlightenment 17th Century Descartes a French philosopher and mathematician came up with the idea of Cogito ergo sum meaning I think therefore I am He was a practicer of Interactionism which was the study of how people act in society He believed that universal laws governed behavior and he opened the door for the study of psychology He also discovered the pineal gland which is a part of the brain that looks different from the rest of the brain It is found directly in the middle of the brain and is responsible for the reactions to light dark cycles and mating behavior II 19th Century Charles Darwin a scientist came up with the Theory of Natural Selection which was the belief that those who were most equipped to survive would and those who weren t would die out He also discovered that humans had been around for 200 000 years A geneticbottleneck is where only certain members of a species make it through a certain event and they change the genetic makeup of the species that is going through the event The selectiveagent determines which individuals live and die During this time it was discovered that the Earth was 4 6 billion years old Functionalism was an early movement in psychology and was developed during this time It was developed as an alternative to behaviorism and is the belief that mental states are constituted by their functional role Epigenetics was also developed during this time and was the genesis of developmental psychology It is the study of chemical reactions in DNA and the factors that influence them III Advent of Modern Psychology 1880 Voluntarism was a theory developed by Wilhelm Wundt who is considered to be the father of modern psychology The theory was that free will is the central driving force for individuals in the universe Wundt studied cognitive psychology and conceptual processes which were the interpretation of sensory signals He also believed that a fundamental part of these theories was introspection and looking into ones mind Structuralism was a theory studied by Edward Titchner who was a student of Wundt Structuralism was the theory that all elements of human kind are part of the system of signs These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Functionalism was also studied by William James who believed that survivalist motivated all human behavior Gestalt Psychology was the belief that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts and was studied by psychologists such as Weitheimer Kohler and Kaffka Psychophysics was all about studying sensory thresholds and absolute thresholds A major component was also learning the JND just noticeable difference between two subjects IV Psychoanalysis Psychoanalysis was a theory of psychology that was first studied and invented by Sigmund Freud Hysteria was a major component of psychoanalysis which was also studied by Hippocrates Psychoanalysis determined the role of the unconscious and studied unconscious conflicts These were the conscious and preconscious and the unconscious fighting to control the mind of the human