Grade Buddy PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 15Outline of Last Lecture I. IntelligenceII. CreativityIII. Problem SolvingOutline of Current LectureI. Developmental PsychologyII. Perceptual DevelopmentCurrent LectureI. Developmental PsychologyDevelopmental psychology was first studied by Charles Darwin, and evolutionary biologist who stated that “ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny”. He had a great interest in prenatal and neonatal development in human be-ings. There are several methods used in developmental psychology, one of which being cross-sectional design. The advantage of this method is it is time efficient, however it is subject to the cohort effect. Longitudinal studies are another method used in developmental psychology, and it controls for in-dividual differences in subjects. However, it is extremely time consuming, expensive, and there is high participant mortality and selective drop-out rates. The last method used is sequential designs, which combines cross-sectionalism and longitudinal approaches. There are several themes present in developmental psychology. The first theme is the types of theories used in developmental psychology stud-ies, which include continuity theories and stage theories. The second main theme is the type of development present in the study. The development can be normative or individual within the subjects of the developmental stud-ies.II. Perceptual DevelopmentThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Infants identify there mothers using different senses at different times in their developmental cycle. When an infant is 1 month old, they identify their mother by the olfactory sense, or the sense of smell. When an infant reaches 4 months, they use auditory (sound) senses to identify their mother. When the infant reaches 8-9 months of age, they use the visual (sight) senseto recognize their mother. Pattern recognition is present in infants, although at a lower amplitude than adults. Newborns prefer face-like patterns from birth, and they prefer attractive faces over non-attractive ones. The habitua-tion method is that children look longer at novel/preferred faces. Depth per-ception is also present in newborns. In an experiment done by Gibson and Walk, infants were placed on a visual cliff, which is a surface that looks like it is a cliff in a high place, but is actually just a visual illusion. Infants who are able to crawl showed fear of the visual cliff, and crawled away from it. This determined that the motion parallax is critical to the perception of depth in
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