Grade Buddy PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture I. Developmental PsychologyII. Perceptual DevelopmentOutline of Current LectureI. Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentII. Language and Grammar DevelopmentCurrent LectureI. Piaget’s Stages of DevelopmentThe scientist and psychologist Piaget studied and developed 4 concretestages of development in humans beings, spanning infancy to adulthood. The first of these stages is the sensorimotor stage, which spans from birth to 2 years of age. This stage is described as “blooming, buzzing confusion”. This is when object permanence is developed, including the simple hiding problem, which develops from birth to 6 months. This is the infants ability tofind objects that were hidden very simply, such as under a towel, right in front of him. The changed hiding place problem is developed from 6 to 8 months of age, and is where two hiding spots are placed in front of the in-fant. The invisible displacement problem is developed from 8 months to 18 months of age. The second of Piaget’s stages is the pre-operational stage, which lasts from 2 to 7 years of age. This stage is where symbolic thought, conserva-tion, and egocentrism are developed in children. Concrete operations is the third stage, and lasts from 7 to 13 years of age. This is where seriation and transitivity are developed. Inductive logic, as well as concrete math and lan-guage functions are developed also. Formal operations is the fourth of Pi-aget’s stages, and lasts from 13 years of age, through to adulthood. This is where hypothetical and abstract thinking are developed, as well as abstract math and language skills, and deductive logic. Scientific thinking is the mostimportant function developed in this stage. Currently, Piaget’s stages still These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.appear to be correct, however the rate of maturation appears to be faster than Piaget originally proposed. II. Language and Grammar DevelopmentThere are two different theories of how language is developed in hu-mans. The first is Skinner’s Reinforcement Theory, which is the theory that reinforcement and behavioral conditioning will develop language in children. The second is Chomsky’s Generative-Transformational Theory, which was theidea that children use transformation sounds and words to create new sen-tences, and develop grammar. There are several language milestones in in-fants, the first being 2-3 months of age, which is cooing. From 4 to 6 months, babbling is developed. At 12 months, the infant is saying its first words. Finally, at 18 months, the child has a dramatic increase in vocabularyand speaking. The first stage of grammar development is where telegraphic speech isdeveloped. Content words are prominent throughout this stage. The secondstage is where function words are developed by the child. Common gram-matical errors include over-regularization, over-extension, and under-exten-sion. Motherese is the term for how parents speak to their children. They use simple vocabulary and well formed sentences, as well as many repeti-tions, a high pitched voice, and a slow rate of
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