Grade Buddy PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 18 Outline of Last Lecture I Freud s Stages of Psychosexual Development II Psychosocial Development Outline of Current Lecture I Identity II Parenting III Moral Reasoning Current Lecture I Identity Marcia developed the idea of identity diffusion and identity achievement Attachment was a major area of study in the observation of identity This is exemplified through Harlowe s Monkey s where safe base behavior was observed This is when a baby or child is frightened by a threat of the environment they run to their mother s for safety and protection If the monkey was placed into an environment that was unfamiliar and strange he or she seemed out their mothers to be able to feel comfortable If the mother was not present they seemed the most comfort they could find but were still frightened II Parenting There are several different parenting styles as developed by Hoffman and Baumrind The criteria for being a good parent are nutrience and warmth 1 firmness and clarity of control 2 the level of maturity demands 3 and the degree of communication 4 You are an authoritarian parent if you are high in 2 and 3 but low in 1 and 4 You are a permissive parent if you are high in 1 but low in 2 3 and 4 You are an authoritative parent if you are high in 1 2 3 and 4 You are a harmonious parent if you are high in 1 3 and 4 but low in 2 Lastly you are a neglecting parent if you are low in 1 2 3 and 4 These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute III Moral Reasoning Kohlberg presented subjects with moral questions such as Heinz s dilemma to study moral reasoning He created 3 stages of moral reasoning to describe the process of reasoning The first stage is the pre conventional stage where punishment orientation and native reward orientation are developed In other words the punishment and reward system for the action is identified The second stage is the conventional stage where good boy girl orientation is developed as well as authority orientation This is where the person learns what is good and not good to do as well as who has authority over the situation The last stage is the post conventional stage where social contract orientation and individual principles and conscience orientation are developed
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