SOC 2213 1st Edition Lecture 23Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 12A: The economyI. The Economy: A. Definition of social institutions Definition of the economy is B. The agricultural revolution led to a dramatic expansion of the economy as a result of:1.2.3.4.C. The Industrial Revolution changed the economy in five ways. 1.2.3.4.5.D. The Information Revolution and the postindustrial society1. A postindustrial economy refers to 2. Since 1950, the Information Revolution has dramatically transformed U.S. society.a.b.c.E. Sectors of the economy (3) These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. Primary2. Secondar3. TertiaryF. Global economy Definition1. Five major consequences 1.2.3.4.5. II. Economic Systems: A. Capitalism– Definition1. Three (3) features 1.2.3.B. Socialism– Definition1. Three (3) Features 1.2.3.C. Welfare capitalism- Definition – D. State capitalism- Definition –E. Relative advantages of capitalism and socialism:1.2.3.4.III. Work in the Postindustrial U.S. EconomyA. Changing Workplace B. Labor unions-F. A profession–1. Characteristics of a professiona.b.c.d.F. Self-employment-G. Unemployment and underemployment-H. The jobless recovery I. Computers are altering the character of work in several ways:1.23.4.5.IV. CorporationsA. Definition –B. The corporate economy- C. Conglomerates and corporate linkages.1. Conglomerates are –2. An interlocking directorate is- B. Corporations: Are they competitive?1. Monopoly-2. Oligopoly- 3. Federal Government – E. Corporations and the global economyOutline of Current Lecture with lecture notes Chapter 12B: PoliticsPolitics: A. Politics – the social institution that distributes power, sets a society’s goals, and makes decisions. B. Definitions of: 1. Power- the ability to achieve desired ends despite resistance from others2. Government- a formal organization that directs the political life of a societyC. Authority- power that people perceive as legitimate rather than coercive1. Traditional authority- power legitimized by respect for long established cultural patterns2. Rational-legal authority- power legitimized by legally enacted rules and regulations 3. Charismatic authority- power legitimized by extraordinary personal abilities that inspire devotion and obedience. Routinization of charisma: the transformation of charismatic authority into some combination of traditional and bureaucratic authorityPolitics in Global PerspectiveA. Monarchy- a political system in which a single family rules from generation to generationB. Democracy- a political system that gives power to the people as a wholeC. Authoritarianism- a political system that denies the people participation in governmentD. Totalitarianism- a highly centralized political system that extensively regulates people’s lives Politics in the United StatesA. Our cultural emphasis individualism- Welfare state- a system of government agencies and programs that provides benefits to the populationB. The political spectrum- beliefs that range from extremely liberal to extremely conservative1. Economic issues2. Social Issues3. Class, Race, Gender, and AgeC. Party identification: because many people hold missed political attitudes, with liberal views on some issues and conservative stands on others, party identification in this country is not very strong. Relatively weak party identification is one reason that each of the two major parties gains or loses power from election to election. D. Special-interest groups1. Special interest group- people organized to address some economic or social issue. Include a variety of people and employ lobbyists to support their goals.2. Political Acton Committee (PAC)- an organization formed by a special interestgroup, independent of political parties, to raise and spend money in support of political goals. They channel most of their funds from candidates likely to support their interests. E. Voter apathy- many people in this country to not vote. Research shows that women are more likely to cast a ballot than men, and people over the age of 65 are more likely to vote than college-age adults (almost half of whom have not registered). Conservatives suggest that voter apathy is considered indifference to politics on the part of people who are content with their lives. Liberals suggest that apathy reflects alienation from politics among people who are so deeply dissatisfied with society that they doubt the elections will make any real difference. F. Forty-eight of the fifty states (all but Nebraska and Maine) presidential candidate who wins a majority of votes takes all the state’s electoral votes.Theories of Power in SocietyA. The pluralist theory is an analysis of politics that views power as dispersed among many competing interest groups. It is compatible with the structural-functional approach. Pluralists claim that politics is an arena of negotiation and that it has many sources.B. The power-elite theory is an analysis of politics that views power as concentrated among the rich. It is linked with the social-conflict approach. C. Wright Mills developed this view.C. TheMarxist political-economy theory is an analysis that explains politics in terms of the operation of a society's economic system.X. Power beyond the RulesA. Political revolution is the overthrow of one political system in order to establish another. Most revolutions share the following patterns:1. Rising expectations2. Unresponsive government3. Radical leadership by intellectuals4. Establishing a new legitimacyB. Terrorism constitutes acts of violence or the threat of such violence used by an individual or group as a political strategy. Terrorism has four distinguishing characteristics:1. Terrorists try to paint violence as a legitimate political tactic.2. Terrorism is used not just by groups but also by governments against their own people.3. Democratic societies reject terrorism in principle, but they are especially vulnerable to terrorists because they afford extensive civil liberties to their people and have less extensive police networks. The 9/11 attacks illustrate this point.4. Terrorism is always a matter of definition.XI. War and PeaceA. War is organized armed conflict among the people of two or more nations, directed by their governments. Five factors promote war:1. Perceived threats2. Social problems3. Political objectives4.