SOC 2213 1st Edition Lecture 5Chapter 2- Culture: TermsCulture- the way of thinking, the ways of acting, and the material objects that together form a people’s way of lifeMaterial culture- the physical things created by members of a societyNon Material culture- the ideas created by members of societyCulture shock- personal disorientation when experiencing an unfamiliar way of lifeSociety- people who interact in a defined territory and share a cultureSymbol- anything that carries a particular meaning recognized by people who share a cultureLanguage- a system of symbols that allows people to communicate with one another (key to theworld of cultures and cultural transmission)Cultural transmission- the process by which one generation passes culture to the nextSapir- Whorf thesis- the idea that people see and understand the world through the cultural lens of languageValues- culturally defined standards that people use to decide what is desirable, good, and beautiful and that serve as broad guidelines for social livingBeliefs- specific ideas that people hold to be trueSocial control- attempts by society to regulate people’s thoughts and behaviorNorms- rules and expectations by which a society guides the behavior of its membersMores- norms that are widely observed and have great moral significanceFolkways- norms for routine or casual interactionTechnology- knowledge that people use to make a way of life in their surroundingsHunting and gathering- the use of simple tools to hunt animals and gather vegetation for foodThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Horticulture- the use of hand tools to raise cropsPastoralism- the domestication of animalsAgriculture- large scale cultivation using plows harnessed to animals or more powerful energy sourceIndustry- the productions of goods using advanced sources of energy to drive large machineryPostindustrialism- the production of information using computer tehnologyHigh culture- culture pattrns that distinguish a society’s elite (Upper, high class)Popular culture- cultural patterns that are wide spread among a society’s populationSubculture- cultural patterns that set apart some segments of a society;s populationMulticulturalism- a perspective recognizing the cultural diversity of the U.S. and promote equal standing for all cultural traditionsEurocentrism- the dominance of European (especialy English) cultural patternsAfrocentrism- emphasizing and promoting African cultural patternsCounterculture- cultural patterns that strongly oppose those widely accepted within a societyCultural integration- the close relationships among various elements of a cultural systemCultural lag- the fact that sine cultural elements change more quickly than others disrupting a cultural systemEthnocentrism- the practice of judging another culture by the standards of one’s own cultureCultural relativism- the practice of judging a culture by its own standardsCultural universals- traits that are part of every known cultureGender- the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being male or femaleSociobiology- a theoretical approach that explores ways in which human biology affects how wecreate