SOC 2213 13th Edition Lecture 24 Outline of Last Lecture Chapter 12B PoliticsPolitics: A. Politics – Definition B. Definitions of: 1. Power2. Government C. Authority 1. Traditional authority 2. Rational-legal authority 3. Charismatic authority Politics in Global PerspectiveA. Monarchy B. Democracy D. Authoritarianism E. Totalitarianism Politics in the United StatesA. Our cultural emphasisB. The political spectrumThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1.2.3.C. Party identificationD. .Special-interest groups 1.2.E. Voter apathy F. Forty-eight of the fifty states Theories of Power in SocietyA. The pluralist theory B. The power-elite theory C. The Marxist political-economy theory X. Power beyond the RulesA. Political revolution is the overthrow of one political system in order to establish another. Most revolutions share the following patterns:1. Rising expectations2. Unresponsive government3. Radical leadership by intellectuals4. Establishing a new legitimacyB. Terrorism constitutes acts of violence or the threat of such violence used by an individual or group as a political strategy. Terrorism has four distinguishing characteristics:1. Terrorists try to paint violence as a legitimate political tactic.2. Terrorism is used not just by groups but also by governments against their own people.3. Democratic societies reject terrorism in principle, but they are especially vulnerable to terrorists because they afford extensive civil liberties to their people and have less extensive police networks. The 9/11 attacks illustrate this point.4. Terrorism is always a matter of definition.XI. War and PeaceA. War is organized armed conflict among the people of two or more nations, directed by their governments. Five factors promote war:1. Perceived threats2. Social problems3. Political objectives4. Moral objectives5. The absence of alternativesB. Social class, gender, and the military1.2. C. Is terrorism a new kind of war? 1. 2. 3.D. The costs and causes of militarism:1.2.E. CONTROVERSY & DEBATE BOX (p. 331)—The Volunteer Army:F. Nuclear weapons1.2. G. Mass media and warH. Pursuing peace. Here are the most recent approaches to peace:1. Deterrence2. High-technology defense3. Diplomacy and disarmament4. Resolving underlying conflictXII. Politics:. Several problems and trends:A.B.C.D.Outline of Current Lecture Chapter 13A: Family with Notes- Family – is a social institution that unties people together in a cooperative groupto care for one another, including children.- Kinship- a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption. - Marriage – is a legal relationship, usually involving economic cooperation as well as sexual activity and childbearing- Marriage patterns-1. Mate selection (page 421).A. Endogamy- marriage between people of the same social categoryB. Exogamy- marriage between people of different social categoriesC. Monogamy- marriage that unites two partnersD. Polygamy- marriage that unites a person with two or more spouses2. Residential Patterns3. Patterns of descent- the system by which members of a society trace kinship over generations. A. Patrilineal- the more common, is a system tracing kinship through men.B. Matrilineal- a system tracing kinship through women. C. Bilateral- a system tracing kinship through both men and women. 4. Patterns of Authority: in the U.S. men are still typically heads of households, and most U.S. parents give their children their father’s last name. However, more egalitarian families are evolving.- What the theorists say about the family 1. Structural functionalist – calls family “backbone of society”A. Four vital tasks1. Socialization- parents help children develop into well-integrated and contributing members of society.2. Regulation of sexual activity- the interest of maintaining kinship organization and property rights.3. Social placement- parents pass on their own social identitiy in terms of race, ethnicity, religion, and social class to their childrenat birth.4. Material and emotional security- family offers physical protection, emotional support and financial assistance. Perhaps why people living in families tend to be happier, healthier, and wealthier than people living alone. 2. Conflict theory- views the family as a structural systemA. How family perpetuates social inequality 1. Property and inheritance- the origin of the family to mens need toidentify heirs so that they could hand down property to their sons. Families thus concentrate wealth and reproduce the class structure in each new generation.2. Patriarchy- to know who their heirs are, men must control the sexuality of women. Families therefore transform women tinto the sexual and economic property of men. 3. Race and ethnicity- radical and ethnic categories persist over generations only to the degree that people marry others like themselves. Endogamous marriage supports racial and ethnic equality. 3. Symbolic interactionists – family living offers and opportunity for intimacy. A. How individuals shape and experience family life1. Childs Placement in the family is limited with closeness due to the fact that parents act as an authority figure. Only as young people approach adult hood do kinship ties open up to include sharing confidences with greater intimacy. 2. Intimacy- word with Latin roots that mean “sharing fear”. Familiesbuild emotional bonds- Four Alternative Family types1. One parent family- a single mother or father raises one or more children on their own, with or without welfare, income, and social standing take an impact on the social upbringing of the children. 2. Cohabitation – is an arrangement where two people who are not married live together inan emotionally and/or sexually intimate relationship on a long-term or permanent basis. 3. Gay and lesbian couples – where two men are in a relationship together. Where two women are in a relationship together4. Singlehood – the status of being single, not dating or in a committed/ romantic relationship with someoneStages of Family LifeA.Courtship and romantic love1. Personably and culturally compatible2. Romantic love- affection and sexual passion for another person3. homogamy- marriage between people with the same social characteristics B.Ideal/Real Marriage Infidelity- sexual activity outside one’s marriage C.Child rearingTwo children is the