SOC 2213 1st Edition Lectures 20 Outline of Last Lecture- Chapter 8: Social StratificationI. What Is Social Stratification?Social stratification refers to a system by which a society ranks categories of people in a hierarchy. There are four basic principles of stratification:A.B.C.D. II. Caste and Class SystemsA. A caste system is social stratification based on ascription or birth.B. In a class system, social stratification is based on both birth and individual achivement.1. Meritocracy- in a class system, where you get and what you get, by your own merit, talents, skills, knowledge, ability, efforts2. Status Consistency3. Class Consciousness- belief that there is a shared structure among the classes. ( usually among classes, there is a set of beliefes and are conscious of their own class)4. False Consciousness- the belief that some people in society are unable to see things such as exploitation, oppression, or social relations as they really are. C. Classless Society- the Soviet Union (USSR), everything was fair for everybody and anybody. Actually it was not fair. Check point Charlie East Berlin (shopping area for Americans to go through because they wanted our money). Obvious to sociologist that there was no such thing as a classless society. Different items offered to different people. III. Explaining Stratification By the Theories: A. Structural-Functional TheoryThe Davis-Moore thesis is the assertion that social stratification has beneficial consequences for the operations of a societThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.B. Social-Conflict Theory- Marx’s view of inequality. The means of production. Class conflict. Max Weber agrees with marx but thinks there is more to it. Three things we need to add 1. Class 2. Party 3. Power. Weber says that if we look at these three different things, we are going to see that they make a difference in the person. We have stratification built in.C. Symbolic-Interaction Theory- VI. Stratification and Technology: A Global PerspectiveVII. Inequality in the United StatesA. Highly Stratified USB. Income C. Wealth- highly concentrated D. Power E. Occupational prestige. F. SchoolingG. Ancestry, Race and GenderVIII. Social Classes in the United States (See diagram on Blackboard)IX. The Difference Class MakesA. Health. B. Values and Attitudes. C. PoliticsD. Family and genderX. Social MobilityA. Types:Intragenerational social mobility Intergenerational social mobility B. Research on MobilityFive general conclusions about social mobility in the United States:1.2.3.4.5.C. Additional Info on MobilityXI. Poverty in the United StatesA. Types of poverty Relative povertyAbsolute povertyB. The extent of U.S. poverty1. In 2010, 15 percent of the U.S. population was tallied as poor.2. The typical poor family of four had to get by on around $23,021 in 2012.C. Who are the poor?1. Age2. Race and ethnicity. 3. Gender and family patterns4. Urban and rural povertyD. Explaining poverty1. One view: The poor are mostly responsible for their own poverty. a. culture of poverty, 2. Another view: Society is primarily responsible for poverty.E. HomelessnessF. The Working PoorOutline of Current Lecture with Lecture Notes- Chapter 9: Global StratificationI. Global Stratification: An OverviewA. Global stratification 1. High-income/first world/core countries are the relatively rich, industrialized nations with the highest standards of living. Typically industrialized, market based economies. These particular countries control and profit most from the world system.These countries can also exercise many types of power (military, political, economic) Also cover 25% of the earth’s surface. Mainly in the northern hemisphere. Populationwise…over 1 billion people. Typically they make up 20% of the world’s population, but they support 80% of the worlds population2. Middle-income/second/ semi-peripheral world countries, nations with a standardof living about average for the world as a whole, These countries are nations with a high standard of living about average of the world as a whole. (The U.S, England, Saudi Arabia, Australia, Japan). Middleman when it comes to the economy. Extract the goods from the poor countries and sell them to the high end countries. Industrial job are common in these countries. Often socialist or stake/state based economies. Even though they are less developed than the high end countries, they still have benefits of health care, low cost housing and public education. Poverty does become a problem at times. 55% of the world’s land area. Income per family, ranges from $2,500 a year to $12,000. These countries contain 80% of humanity. Populations- over 4.5 billion people. (Mexico, Egypt, Spain, Turkey, Russia) 3. Low-income/third world/peripheral countries, nations with a low standard of living, Most of these countries are dictatorships. Mainly agrarian societies. Often exploited. Important natural resources. Politically unstable. Exercise little power in the world. Wealth in these nations is usually concentrated to a few people (4 or 5) elite people control all the wealth in the country. Cover 20% of land area. Population- Over 2 billion people. There are three things these countries all have in common: 1. Limited industry 2. Limited productivity 3. Severe poverty( central and south America, Africa, some in Asia, Indonesia) II. Global Wealth and PovertyA. Two types of Poverty1. Relative Poverty- the deprivation of some relative to those who have more. I have clothes but it’s not the best clothes. 2. Absolute Poverty- the deprivation of resources that is life threatening. B. The Extent of Poverty- 1. Poverty due to low economic productivity 2. Absolute poverty is the type of poverty in the poorest nations. 3. Relative poverty usually the type found in more developed countries..C. Poverty and Children- 18-20% children being raised in poverty. Must worse in poorest of nations. 1. Find that they have no adequate food. 2. No adequate drinking water. 4. No adequate shelter. 5. No adequate medical care. Death comes early to the young. Stealing, begging, selling sex, anything they can to stay alive because their parents cannot afford to feed them. Children go out alone at a very young age (5-6 yrs. Old). US- 13 million children living in poverty.D. Poverty and Women (Three basic points)- 1. In rich societies,