BIO 101 1st Edition Lecture 17 Outline of Last Lecture II Creationism III Intelligent Design IV Mutations V Natural Selection VI Case Study VII Evolution Facts Outline of Current Lecture VIII Genes IX Purposes of studying Genetics X Human Blood Types XI Codominance Current Lecture What are genes The information for making a protein Analogy Book Books are made of paper DNA The words Nucleotides o Nucleotides have a certain kind of information o A T o G C o A U When you put a bunch of words together they tell a story The information is like the information in 1 gene o Chapters Genes o Genes give specific information The story that s told by the paragraph Proteins All of these paragraphs are located on your chromosomes o 46 chromosomes in each of your cells Each of the chromosomes has thousands of different genes These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Purposes of studying genetics Study of genetics explains o How family resemblance arise o How the characteristics of populations arise o How organisms function at the molecular and cellular levels Two different fields of study o Inheritance o Population genetics Why do some children inherit the disease Sickle Celled anemia and others don t Its inheritance Why is sickle celled anemia more common in African Americans thn in Caucasians This is talking about different populations Today we know Each trait is controlled by genes Genes occur in different forms called alleles Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive For each trait you inherit 1 allele from each parent Your combination of alleles genotype determines which form of a trait you will express phenotype Having 5 Fingers is recessive having 6 is dominant Genetics of Human Blood Types How many phenotypes are there o 4 o O A AB B How many alleles are present in an individual o 2 alleles for blood type How many different alleles are present in the human population o A B O How many genotypes are possible o A Ao B Bo AB O o 6 CoDominance in which the heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes There are more than 9 000 Human traits are determined by a single gene BUT most traits are more complex o Phenotype traits are influenced by o Many genes polygenic Trait o Ex Skin Color 1 Pigment produced by 3 genes 6 different alleles Same genotype but phenotype differs based on environmental factors during fetal development in this case
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