What are genes?The information for making a proteinAnalogy: BookBooks are made of paper: DNAThe words: NucleotidesNucleotides have a certain kind of informationA-TG-CA-UWhen you put a bunch of words together, they tell a story. The information is like the information in 1 gene.Chapters = GenesGenes give specific information.The story that’s told by the paragraph: ProteinsAll of these paragraphs are located on your chromosomes.46 chromosomes in each of your cellsPurposes of studying geneticsStudy of genetics explainsHow family resemblance ariseHow the characteristics of populations ariseHow organisms function at the molecular and cellular levelsTwo different fields of studyInheritancePopulation geneticsWhy do some children inherit the disease Sickle-Celled anemia and others don’t?Its inheritanceWhy is sickle-celled anemia more common in African-Americans thn in Caucasians ?This is talking about different populationsToday we knowEach trait is controlled by genesGenes occur in different forms called allelesSome alleles are dominant while others are recessive.For each trait, you inherit 1 allele from each parentYour combination of alleles (genotype) determines which form of a trait you will express (phenotype)Having 5 Fingers is recessive, having 6 is dominant.Genetics of Human Blood TypesHow many phenotypes are there?4O, A, AB, BHow many alleles are present in an individual?2 alleles for blood typeHow many different alleles are present in the human population?A, B, OHow many genotypes are possible?A Ao, B Bo, AB, O6CoDominance, in which the heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes.There are more than 9,000 Human traits are determined by a single geneBUT: most traits are more complexPhenotype traits are influenced byMany genes— polygenic TraitEx. Skin Color: 1 Pigment, produced by 3 genes, 6 different allelesSame genotype, but phenotype differs based on environmental factors (during fetal development in this case)BIO 101 1st Edition Lecture 17Outline of Last Lecture II. CreationismIII. Intelligent DesignIV. MutationsV. Natural SelectionVI. Case StudyVII. Evolution FactsOutline of Current Lecture VIII. GenesIX. Purposes of studying GeneticsX. Human Blood TypesXI. CodominanceCurrent Lecture What are genes?- The information for making a protein Analogy: Book- Books are made of paper: DNA- The words: Nucleotideso Nucleotides have a certain kind of informationo A-To G-Co A-U- When you put a bunch of words together, they tell a story. The information is like theinformation in 1 gene.o Chapters = Geneso Genes give specific information.- The story that’s told by the paragraph: Proteins- All of these paragraphs are located on your chromosomes. o 46 chromosomes in each of your cellsEach of the chromosomes has thousands of different genesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.Purposes of studying genetics- Study of genetics explainso How family resemblance ariseo How the characteristics of populations ariseo How organisms function at the molecular and cellular levels- Two different fields of studyo Inheritanceo Population genetics Why do some children inherit the disease Sickle-Celled anemia and others don’t?- Its inheritance Why is sickle-celled anemia more common in African-Americans thn in Caucasians ?- This is talking about different populations Today we know- Each trait is controlled by genes- Genes occur in different forms called alleles- Some alleles are dominant while others are recessive.- For each trait, you inherit 1 allele from each parent- Your combination of alleles (genotype) determines which form of a trait you will express (phenotype)Having 5 Fingers is recessive, having 6 is dominant. Genetics of Human Blood Types- How many phenotypes are there?o 4o O, A, AB, B- How many alleles are present in an individual?o 2 alleles for blood type- How many different alleles are present in the human population?o A, B, O- How many genotypes are possible?o A Ao, B Bo, AB, Oo 6 CoDominance, in which the heterozygote displays characteristics of both homozygotes.  There are more than 9,000 Human traits are determined by a single gene- BUT: most traits are more complexo Phenotype traits are influenced byo Many genes— polygenic Traito Ex. Skin Color: 1 Pigment, produced by 3 genes, 6 different alleles Same genotype, but phenotype differs based on environmental factors (during fetal development in this