BIO 101 1nd Edition Lecture 14 Outline of Last Lecture I Self Reflection Questions II Language of Science III Observation vs Inference IV Rules of Science V Defining Biological Evolution Outline of Current Lecture II Biological Evolution III Natural Selection IV Change In populations V Controversy VI Darwin s influences VII Macroevolution Current Lecture Defining Biological Evolution Biological Evolution o Means changes in the genetics of organisms o Describes how organisms change over time o Happens to populations over generations does not happen to individuals o It is not about the origins of life a hypothesis Biological evolution is supported by scientific evidence What happened Evolution o A genetic change in the population a fact o Through the mechanism or process of Natural Selection o The consequence of certain individual organisms in a population being born with characteristics that enable them to survive better and reproduce more than the offspring of other individuals in the population Survival of the fittest only refers to those that reproduce These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Change in populations A change in the relative frequency of alleles different forms of genes in a population is called microevolution o Your book talks about the gene pool This change is a fact Microevolution is not controversial in most religious traditions An old idea Form the ancient Greeks to the 1800 s it was written that all species had been created separately and were unchanging 2 definitions of species which one is specific o A group of individuals having some characteristics in common o A group of individuals who are related to each other and interbreed in nature successfully Controversy For biologists controversy about the rate of change in evolution For literal interpretation of Genesis o Little or no disagreement with microevolution o Some disagreement with macroevolution Macroevolution is one species changing into another species For figurative interpretation of Genesis o Acceptance of macro and microevolution Darwin s Influences Georges Buffon o Suggested that the earth was much older than previously believed Georges Cuvier o By documenting fossil discoveries showed that extinction had occurred Jean Baptiste Lamarck o Suggested that living species might change over time Charles Lyell o Argued that geological forces had gradually shaped the earth and continue to do so Development of Darwin s Theory Observation great variability in organisms in nature Observation organisms can be changed through selective breeding artificial selection o Question Why are there so many different organisms o Darwin s Answer The variability in organisms is due to unequal survival and reproduction because of natural selection Worldview before and after Darwin Before o Organisms were all put on earth by a creator at the same time o Organisms are fixed NO additions no subtractions o Earth is about 6 000 years old o After o o o o Earth is mostly unchanging Organisms change over time Some organisms have gone extinct Earth is more than 6 000 years old The geology of earth is not constant but always changing Speciation can result from the mechanisms of Biological Evolution Speciation o Process by which a population of organisms develop traits that make it into a new species because the two populations can no longer reproduce Macroevolution Descent from a Common Ancestor Example of process o Common ancestral population o Reproductive isolation o Many random mutations not shared o Two populations that are so different they cannot have fertile offspring