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MSU BIO 101 - Nutrition and Biological Molecules
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Diet — what I choose to eatA fundamental conceptAll organisms require matter and energy for growth and maintenance of cells.Need it because we are still growing.Body is killing cells and new cells are being made.What is matter? How is an atom different from a molecule?Atom is something that can not be broken down into something with the same properties.Molecule — When two atoms are put together, they are bonded.Matter and EnergyNOT THE SAMECan you consume matter without consuming energy that is useful for your metabolism?YesYour body doesn’t make energy.Body takes the food that you eat, breaks it apart, and then converts the energy.You cannot get energy from water.One calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise a gram of water one degree.A calorie is energy. If it says 0 calories, its 0 energy that your body can get from it.Do atoms contain energy that is useful for your metabolism?NOBody does not do nuclear reactions. Body only combines atoms in different ways and breaks them apart.Energy is contained in the bonds between atoms inBiological molecules are much more complex than molecule in non-living thingsBiological molecules are only made by living organisms in natureOrganic molecules all contain:Carbon skeletonVariations in carbon skeletons including: Length, Branching, double bonds, and rings.Some hydrogen atomsWhere are biological Molecules?Food labels.Calories are not a molecule, they are a unit of energyFat is a biological moleculeSaturated Fat is a biological moleculeCholesterol is a biological moleculeCarbohydrates are biological moleculesFiber is a biological moleculeSugars are a biological moleculeProtein is a biological moleculeMain types of biological molecules:CarbohydratesLipidsProteinsnucleic acidsTwo ways organisms make organic moleculesCombine single atoms, one by one,InefficientPreassemble smaller molecules and bond them together when needed.CarbohydratesC,H, and OPrimary fuel for organismsCell structure.-ose ending means it’s a carbohydrate.GlucoseMost carbohydrates ultimately converted into glucoseBlood sugarWhen you eat a candy bar you are eating mostly simple sugars. If you eat a candy bar while you are watching a movie, how will your body utilize those sugars?The sugars will likely be stored as glycogen or fat.Not all carbs are digestibleChitinStructure of shellCelluloseStructure of plant cellsFiberLipids are fatty acidsFat molecules contain much more stored energy than carbohydrate moleculesSaturated and Unsaturated FatsNumber of bonds in the hydrocarbon chain in a fatty acidHealth considerations.Trans fats are the healthier unsaturated fatsThey are healthy fats made into unhealthy fats.Technology helps food taste better, but not be healthierHydrogenation is the artificial addition of hydrogen atoms to an unsaturated fat.A lipid that is not a fat is a sterol.Phospholipids explain why oil and water don’t mixThey are the Ziploc bags of your body.Because of phospholipids, your body makes containers. They make up the compartments that hold waste in a cell.Take home messageCholesterol and phospholipids are lipids that are not fats.Both are important components in cell membranesCholesterol serves as a precursor to steroid hormones, important regulators of growth and development.Proteins are versatile macromolecules that serve as building blocks.They are structural, protective, regulatory, contractile, and transportive.Proteins are not a good place to store energyProteins are complex and specializedAmino acidsTwenty different kindsUnique combinations of 20 amino acids give rise to proteins, the chief building blocks of physical structures that make up all organisms.BIO 101 1st Edition Lecture 2Outline of Last Lecture I. Introduction to BiologyOutline of Current Lecture II. DietsIII. Matter and EnergyIV. Biological Moleculesa. Where are they?Current Lecture Diet — what I choose to eat  A fundamental concept- All organisms require matter and energy for growth and maintenance of cells.o Need it because we are still growing. o Body is killing cells and new cells are being made. What is matter? How is an atom different from a molecule?- Atom is something that can not be broken down into something with the same properties. - Molecule — When two atoms are put together, they are bonded. Matter and Energy- NOT THE SAME- Can you consume matter without consuming energy that is useful for your metabolism?o YesThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.o Your body doesn’t make energy.o Body takes the food that you eat, breaks it apart, and then converts the energy. o You cannot get energy from water. o One calorie is the amount of energy it takes to raise a gram of water one degree.o A calorie is energy. If it says 0 calories, its 0 energy that your body can get from it. - Do atoms contain energy that is useful for your metabolism?o NOo Body does not do nuclear reactions. Body only combines atoms in different ways and breaks them apart.o Energy is contained in the bonds between atoms in  Biological molecules are much more complex than molecule in non-living things- Biological molecules are only made by living organisms in natureo Organic molecules all contain: Carbon skeleton Variations in carbon skeletons including: Length, Branching, double bonds, and rings. Some hydrogen atoms Where are biological Molecules?- Food labels. - Calories are not a molecule, they are a unit of energy- Fat is a biological molecule- Saturated Fat is a biological molecule- Cholesterol is a biological molecule- Carbohydrates are biological molecules- Fiber is a biological molecule- Sugars are a biological molecule- Protein is a biological molecule Main types of biological molecules:- Carbohydrates- Lipids- Proteins - nucleic acidsTwo ways organisms make organic molecules- Combine single atoms, one by one,o Inefficient- Preassemble smaller molecules and bond them together when needed. Carbohydrates- C,H, and O- Primary fuel for organisms- Cell structure.- -ose ending means it’s a carbohydrate. Glucose- Most carbohydrates ultimately converted into glucose- Blood sugarWhen you eat a candy bar you are eating mostly simple sugars. If you eat a candy bar while you are watching a movie, how will your body utilize those sugars?- The sugars will likely be stored as glycogen or fat. Not all carbs are digestible-


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