BIO 101 1nd Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I Neurotransmitters II Action Potential III Sensory Receptors IV Hormones V Endocrine System Outline of Current Lecture II Functions of the Lymphatic System III Where does waste go IV Immune defense mechanisms V Vaccinations VI Immune System malfunctions Current LectureQuiz on Thursday over videos and Ben s bad day Do you have to be clean to be healthy Not everything is a germ How does your body function to keep you well o Your immune system can keep you healthy without being clean Functions of the Lymphatic System Recycling o Recycles fluid and proteins that diffuse from the blood capillaries during circulation back into the bloodstream Fighting Illness These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute o As lymph circulates through the body white blood cells packed lymph nodes remove dangerous materials including bacteria cancer cells and viruses from the body Retrieving Nutrients o Little projections that extend into the small intestine absorb lipids from the digestive tract and shuttle them to the bloodstream Your cells excrete waste what happens to it Lymphatic System Interstitial Fluid between cells o It then drains into the lymph vessels o All the waste between your cells get dumped back in your blood stream Thoracic duct connects to a vein The waste materials from each one of our cells goes through the lymphatic system the circulatory system and your excretory system in order to leave as urine Waste gets pumped back into your blood List the ways that your epithelial tissue keeps you well Epithelium is anything that is exposed to the outside ears mouth lungs nose Mucus in your nose is a defense mechanism Sweat salvia and tears are also antibacterial Hair blocks things from entering your lungs and ears Cilia sweeps particles out of the lungs Acid kills invaders Oils on the skin limit bacterial growth 11 12 The immune system contains a huge number of defensive elements Your immune system protects against pathogens using a huge number and variety of defenses These include o External barriers o The inflammatory response o Complement system proteins o White blood cells and the lymphatic system LOOK OVER PowerPoint FOR CELL INFORMATION 11 13 Memory cells Remembering the invader After a primary immune response your body produces memory cells If the same invader is encountered again memory cells instigate a secondary immune response that neutralizes the invader before it causes illness Once exposed to an infectious disease you may have a lifetime immunity against it 11 13 Vaccination Outsmarting invaders Vaccination also called immunization involves purposefully exposing the immune system to an antigen which stimulates the production of memory cells Modern vaccines are created from killed bacteria or viruses or fragments of proteins from these microbes 11 14 Immune system malfunctions cause a variety of disorders problems arise when the immune response is not strong enough These include o Severe combined immunodeficiency o Immunodeficiency diseases including AIDS 11 14 Immune system malfunctions cause a variety of disorders Problems can arise when the immune response is too strong These include o Allergies o Autoimmune diseases o Organ rejection Why would an immune system make a person sick Does it make sense When your immune system gets you sick its not a disease you can get any other way Study in 1980 in Venezuela o 90 of people living in the rainforest did not have allergies o 43 of people living in the cities had allergies Maybe our immune systems attack things because they don t have other things to attack The Hygiene Hypothesis we are keeping our environment too clean so that when our immune systems are developing they are not being challenged properly