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MSU BIO 101 - Classifications of animals
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Current LectureWhat are the characteristics of an animal?Multicellular (eukaryotic)Heterotrophic— eats other organismsRapid response to stimuliMost able to reproduce sexuallyHow many plant species vs animal species?There are ½ mill species of plantsThere are 1 mil identified species of insects, but there are probably 8-10 million species of insectsThere are only 50,000 species of animals in the phylum chordate.How are animals grouped?External characteristicsWings, fur, mammary glandsMicroscopic structures such as the teeth on a snails tongue.Internal structuresDigestive system structureType of circulatory systemBehaviors— interbreedingTeaching about diversityTwo goals:Understanding living thingsAppreciation of the incredible diversity of living things.Biologists search for patterns in the diversity of organisms.Comparing and contrasting is another way of identifying thingsBiologist also investigate patterns and trends directlyDifferent groups of organisms have solved problems of survival with different adaptations.Trends in cellular organization: Cells only, Tissues or Organ System.Trends in Digestive SystemsNo digestive system— all digestion within cells. Phylum PoriferaBlind Sac — Gastrovascular cavity.Single opening is mouth and anus.Phylum cnidarian and PlatyhelminthesOpen-tube—Efficient, one way, separate mouth and anusAll other animalsTrends in Circulatory SystemsNone: Molecules move through diffusionPorifera (Sponges)CnidariaPlatyhelminthesNematodaEchinodermataOpen: Some blood vessels, but blood also surrounds the internal organs.ArthropodaMolluscaCrustaceaClosed: Blood is only in the blood vessels and in the pump (Heart)AnnelidaChordataTrends in Skeletal SystemsEndoskeletonChordatesPoriferaEchinodermsExoskeletonArthropodsNo SkeletonPlatyhelminthesHydrostatic SkeletonAnnelidsMolluscaNematodaCnidariaShells are protective not supportiveExoskeleton vs. shellShells are only for protectionExoskeletons are protective, but they are also supportiveMuscles are attached to the exoskeletonHydrostatic SkeletonWater inside the body supports the tissues of the organismWhat are the advantages and disadvantages of having an exoskeleton or an endoskeleton?ExoskeletonAdvantages: Protective from predators.Disadvantages: you have to be smallBIO 101 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture II. Functions of the Lymphatic SystemIII. Where does waste go?IV. Immune defense mechanismsV. VaccinationsVI. Immune System malfunctionsOutline of Current Lecture VII. Characteristics of AnimalsVIII. How are animals Grouped?IX. Investigating patternsX. Trends In Circulatory SystemsXI. Trends in Skeletal Systems Current Lecture  What are the characteristics of an animal?- Multicellular (eukaryotic)- Heterotrophic— eats other organisms- Rapid response to stimuli- Most able to reproduce sexually How many plant species vs animal species?- There are ½ mill species of plants- There are 1 mil identified species of insects, but there are probably 8-10 million species of insects- There are only 50,000 species of animals in the phylum chordate.These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute. How are animals grouped?- External characteristicso Wings, fur, mammary glandso Microscopic structures such as the teeth on a snails tongue. - Internal structureso Digestive system structureo Type of circulatory system- Behaviors— interbreeding Teaching about diversity- Two goals:o Understanding living thingso Appreciation of the incredible diversity of living things. Biologists search for patterns in the diversity of organisms. Comparing and contrasting is another way of identifying things Biologist also investigate patterns and trends directly- Different groups of organisms have solved problems of survival with different adaptations.  Trends in cellular organization: Cells only, Tissues or Organ System. Trends in Digestive Systems- No digestive system— all digestion within cells. Phylum Porifera- Blind Sac — Gastrovascular cavity. o Single opening is mouth and anus.o Phylum cnidarian and Platyhelminthes- Open-tube—o Efficient, one way, separate mouth and anuso All other animals Trends in Circulatory Systems- None: Molecules move through diffusiono Porifera (Sponges)o Cnidaria o Platyhelmintheso Nematoda o Echinodermata - Open: Some blood vessels, but blood also surrounds the internal organs. o Arthropodao Molluscao Crustacea- Closed: Blood is only in the blood vessels and in the pump (Heart)o Annelidao Chordata Trends in Skeletal Systems- Endoskeletono Chordateso Poriferao Echinoderms- Exoskeletono Arthropods- No Skeletono Platyhelminthes- Hydrostatic Skeleton o Annelidso Molluscao Nematodao Cnidaria Shells are protective not supportive Exoskeleton vs. shell- Shells are only for protection- Exoskeletons are protective, but they are also supportive- Muscles are attached to the exoskeletonHydrostatic Skeleton- Water inside the body supports the tissues of the organism What are the advantages and disadvantages of having an exoskeleton or an endoskeleton?- Exoskeleton o Advantages: Protective from predators.o Disadvantages: you have to be


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