BIO 101 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture II Functions of the Lymphatic System III Where does waste go IV Immune defense mechanisms V Vaccinations VI Immune System malfunctions Outline of Current Lecture VII Characteristics of Animals VIII How are animals Grouped IX Investigating patterns X Trends In Circulatory Systems XI Trends in Skeletal Systems Current Lecture What are the characteristics of an animal Multicellular eukaryotic Heterotrophic eats other organisms Rapid response to stimuli Most able to reproduce sexually How many plant species vs animal species There are mill species of plants There are 1 mil identified species of insects but there are probably 8 10 million species of insects There are only 50 000 species of animals in the phylum chordate These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute How are animals grouped External characteristics o Wings fur mammary glands o Microscopic structures such as the teeth on a snails tongue Internal structures o Digestive system structure o Type of circulatory system Behaviors interbreeding Teaching about diversity Two goals o Understanding living things o Appreciation of the incredible diversity of living things Biologists search for patterns in the diversity of organisms Comparing and contrasting is another way of identifying things Biologist also investigate patterns and trends directly Different groups of organisms have solved problems of survival with different adaptations Trends in cellular organization Cells only Tissues or Organ System Trends in Digestive Systems No digestive system all digestion within cells Phylum Porifera Blind Sac Gastrovascular cavity o Single opening is mouth and anus o Phylum cnidarian and Platyhelminthes Open tube o Efficient one way separate mouth and anus o All other animals Trends in Circulatory Systems None Molecules move through diffusion o Porifera Sponges o Cnidaria o Platyhelminthes o Nematoda o Echinodermata Open Some blood vessels but blood also surrounds the internal organs o Arthropoda o Mollusca o Crustacea Closed Blood is only in the blood vessels and in the pump Heart o Annelida o Chordata Trends in Skeletal Systems Endoskeleton o Chordates o Porifera o Echinoderms Exoskeleton o Arthropods No Skeleton o Platyhelminthes Hydrostatic Skeleton o Annelids o Mollusca o Nematoda o Cnidaria Shells are protective not supportive Exoskeleton vs shell Shells are only for protection Exoskeletons are protective but they are also supportive Muscles are attached to the exoskeleton Hydrostatic Skeleton Water inside the body supports the tissues of the organism What are the advantages and disadvantages of having an exoskeleton or an endoskeleton Exoskeleton o Advantages Protective from predators o Disadvantages you have to be small
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