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MSU BIO 101 - Exam 3 Study Guide
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Cell wall, MulticellularAbility to photosynthesize (all plants)Fixed in a place, land dwellingAlternation of generations life cycle- some plants have 2 different free-living phases that don’t look the same.Xylem primarily transports water and minerals from the roots.Xylem is made of dead cells acting as tiny pipes.Xylem sap is moved through the plant body via transpiration.Water evaporates into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems, pulling up more water from the roots.Phloem primarily transports sugarsPhloem contains living cells that transport sugars from where they are made or stored to other parts of the plants.Phloem sap always flows from a sugar source to a sugar sink.Plant Tissues join to form organsSeveral types of plant tissues that work together to carry out a particular function are considered an organA leaf is a plant organ for photosynthesis, it contains xylem and phloem tissues.Other plant organs include roots and stems.BIO 101 1st Edition Exam #3 Study GuideStudy Guide for Plant and Fungi material Be able to answer these questions or questions about the following:1) What characteristics do all land plants share and what makes them different from animals, fungi, algae and bacteria?- Cell wall, Multicellular- Ability to photosynthesize (all plants)- Fixed in a place, land dwelling- Alternation of generations life cycle- some plants have 2 different free-living phases that don’t look the same. 2) Which domain are plants in?- Eukaryote 3) What are some tissues in plants (xylem, phloem, photosynthetic tissue); what are some organs in plants?- Xylem primarily transports water and minerals from the roots. - Xylem is made of dead cells acting as tiny pipes. Xylem sap is moved through the plant body via transpiration.  Water evaporates into the atmosphere from the leaves and stems, pullingup more water from the roots.- Phloem primarily transports sugars- Phloem contains living cells that transport sugars from where they are made or stored to other parts of the plants.- Phloem sap always flows from a sugar source to a sugar sink.- Plant Tissues join to form organs- Several types of plant tissues that work together to carry out a particular function are considered an organ A leaf is a plant organ for photosynthesis, it contains xylem and phloem tissues. Other plant organs include roots and stems.4) How do plants get more light? How do they protect themselves?- Plants can get more light by rowing upward by primary growth.5) What are the four main groups of plants and what innovation does each group have?- Bryophytes: Seedless, non vascular plantso Use spores for reproduction.o Uses external fertilization for reproductiono Sperm must swim to egg so plants must live near water.- Seedless Vascular Plants (Ferns): Vascularo Uses spores for reproduction. o Uses external fertilization for reproductiono Sperm must swim to egg so plants must live near water.o Ferns can grow tall, which is an adaptation for competing for sunlight.- Gymnosperms: Vascular o Uses seeds for reproduction.o Uses external fertilization for reproductiono Sperm carried in pollen grain so plant can live in a drier habitato Uses cones for reproductiono Needles can perform photosynthesis because of thick pores in released pills, which is an adaptation for surviving in cold climates.o can grow tall, which is an adaptation for competing for sunlight.- Angiosperms: Vascular Flowering Planto Uses seeds for reproduction.o Uses external fertilization for reproductiono Sperm carried in pollen grain so plant can live in a drier habitato Has flowers for reproductiono Can remain dormant for long periods of time, which is an adaptation for surviving in dry habitats. and in cold habitats. 6) What adaptations allowed plants to move to the land?- Natural selection favored the plants that could survive further and further u the tide line where there was no competition for resources. Over time, populations evolved adaptations that enabled them to survive occasional drying.7) What are some examples of each of the 4 major groups of land plants?- Bryophytes— Moss, Liverwort, hornwort- Seedless Vascular Plants— Ferns- Gymnosperms— Conifers, Pine, Redwood, Ginkgo tree- Angiosperms— flowering plants8) How does a seed form?- Sperm from the pollen grain moves through the tube to the egg.- One haploid sperm fertilizes the haploid egg to create a diploid zygote. The othersperm fuses with another cell to form the endosperm.- The endosperm provides nourishment to the embryo. 9) What is an ovule?- The site of egg development in a plant.10) What are the three main components of a seed?- Endosperm— provides nourishment to the embryo. - Embryo— produced through cell division of the zygote.11) What is the male gametophyte of seed plants?12) How do seeds help plants be more successful (what are some characteristics and adaptations of seeds)?- Seeds can remain dormant for long periods until favorable conditions exist. At that point, the seed germinates ad the embryonic plant emerges as a seedling. 13) How can some conifers live so long and get so big?14) Which of the four major groups of plants is the most diverse?15) Major flower structures (sepals, petals , stamens, carpels)- Sepal— outer leaves of the flower, usually green, that encase a flower when it is closed.- Petal— Often colorful and/or fragrant, which helps attract pollinators such as bees.- Stamens— Pollen producing reproductive structure.- Anther— Sac like structure the top of the stamen where spores are produced- Filament—Stalk that holds up the anther. - Carpels— Egg Producing reproductive structure- Stigma— Landing platform for pollen- Style—Stalk through which sperm travel to reach egg- Ovary— Chamber that surrounds and protects one or more ovules.16) Modes of pollination- Occurs when pollen lands on the stigma of a flower with the same species. Some plants can self-fertilize; some can only fertilize other plants.17) How do plants use animals to disperse fruit?- After the animals eat the fruit, an animal will usually deposit the indigestible seed some distance away from the parent plant.18) What is a fruit?- A ripened ovary that contains seeds19) What is the main advantage of double fertilization? 20) What is a fungus?- Fungi are decomposers that break down large molecules in their environment and absorb the resulting small molecules.- Such decomposition helps recycle nutrients.- Eukaryotes (composed


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