BIO 101 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Lectures 6 10 1 Thought question How would your digestive system function differently if you didn t have compartments in your body 2 Be able to recognize the function of each type of human tissue Connective tissue Epithelial Tissue Composed of cells that cover and line most surfaces of animal bodies Forms the skin and the lining of the lungs digestive tract and blood vessels Muscle Tissues Composed of cells interspersed throughout a matrix Provides structure and support anchors cell and regulates communication between cells Composed of cells that can contract Generates movement pumps fluid and moves substances Nervous Tissue Composed of specialized cells that send and receive electrical signals Stores and transmits information 3 What is the relationship between being unhealthy and homeostasis Homeostasis is the way your body regulates temperature and other functions of your body Being unhealthy is not the same as homeostasis 4 What two things are required for a body to continue to be in homeostasis 5 How is the basic function of the nervous system different from the basic function of the endocrine system Endocrine system consist of several endocrine glands and other tissues that make and secrete hormones The body s main system for internal chemical regulation consisting of all hormone secreting cells cooperates with the nervous system in regulating body functions and maintaining homeostasis Nervous system The organ system that forms a communication and coordination network though out an animal body 6 How are hormones moved throughout the body These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute Within an endocrine cell hormones are stored in membrane enclosed vesicles When the vesicles fuse wit the cells plasma membrane the hormone is released from the cell into the circulatory system There are two main types of hormones water soluble and fat soluble 7 How does the digestive system depend on the circulatory system The digestive system receives nutrients from foods and converts it into sugars and proteins that the circulatory system can transport to the various organs and tissues in your body However your entire body and all the cells in it depend directly on the circulatory system for nutrients and the circulatory system depends directly on the digestive system for nutrient absorption 8 What happens when a person suffers from a heart attack What is the ultimate reason why a person would die of a heart attack Heart attack damage or death of hear muscle tissue and the resulting failure of the heart to deliver enough blood to the body If one or more coronary arteries become blocked heart muscle cells quickly die from lack of oxygen If a person does not get the blockage in the heart cleared they will die 9 What are metabolic wastes How do these wastes leave the body Metabolic Wastes are substances left over from excretory processes which cannot be used by the organism they are surplus or have lethal effect and must therefore be excreted They can leave in the form of urine or feces 10 Know what the following terms associated with the circulatory system mean heart pacemaker arteries capillaries veins blood red blood cells hemoglobin white blood cells and platelets Red Blood Cells By far the most numerous type of blood cell Each one is small lacks many organelles normally found in animal cells and is shaped like a disk with indentations Responsible for binding oxygen in the lungs and releasing it to body cells Transport Platelets Cellular fragments that aid in blood clotting Repair White blood cells make up 1 of all blood cells fight infections as part of the immune system There are many kinds of white blood cells Defense Heart Receives blood via veins then pups it out via arteries Arteries Vessels that carry blood away from your heart Arterioles your arteries branch into smaller tubes Capillaries Tiny blood vessels that run through nearly every tissue in the body They have very thin walls that allow materials to be exchange between the blood and the body s cells In the vital organs they have a continuous supply of blood but elsewhere blood is provided only when needed Venules As blood exits capillaries it enters small tubes called venules Pacemaker Interferes with the nervous system allowing the cardiac cycle to be sped up or slowed down in response to signals form the brain 11 What are functions of the different parts of the gas exchange system another name for the respiratory system Nasal Cavity Air enters the respiratory system through the nostrils and passes into the nasal cavity As air is inhaled it is filtered Pharynx opening at the back of the throat the junction of the respiratory and digestive systems Epiglottis this regulates the entry of air into the windpipe This covers the trachea preventing food from entering the windpipe Larynx Contains a pair of vocal cords During exhalation air moves through the larynx and vibrates the vocal cords producing sounds Trachea Windpipe Conveys air from the pharynx into the lungs Bronchi The trachea branches into two bronchi Each leads to a lug Bronchioles The bronchi branch into smaller and smaller tubes called bronchioles Alveoli Small sacs at the end of each bronchiole called alveoli are the actual site of gas exchange Diaphragm Sheet of muscle that forms the border between the chest cavity and the abdomen Movement of the diaphragm controls inhalation and exhalation Primary function of the respiratory system is to exchange gases bringing O 2 from the air into the body via inhalation and then removing CO2 from the body via exhalation The circulatory system transports O2 via the blood from the lungs to all body cells and transports CO 2 from body cells back to the lungs 12 What causes you to breathe more quickly and deeply when you are exercising Your body is working harder and needs more oxygen flow to the brain 13 Why does your skin turn red when you are exercising vigorously Warm blood comes to the skin s surface to better transfer its heat to the environment Cooling down as usual especially in dry climates is the best way to return to a normal hue 14 What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system Recycling o Fighting Illness o Recycles fluid and proteins that diffuse from the blood capillaries during circulation back into the bloodstream As lymph circulates through the body white blood