Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 13Outline of Last Lecture I. Overview of ThoughtII. ReasoningIII. Problem SolvingIV. Decision Outline of Current Lecture IntelligenceI. Definitions of IntelligenceII. Psychometric PerspectiveIII. Group Differences in IQIV. Alternative PerspectivesCurrent LectureINTELLIGENCEWhat is your definition of intelligence?• Who do you know personally that you think is exceptionally intelligent?•Why did you pick that person?What is psychology’s definition of intelligence?Capacity to profit from experience and go beyond information given• not just acquired knowledge (achievement)• ability to acquire and use knowledge (aptitude)Other Definitions of Intelligence• BiologistsReproductive success• PsychometriciansWhat IQ tests measureIntelligence• Definitions of Intelligence• Psychometric Perspective• Group Differences in IQ• Alternative PerspectivesPsychometricsConstruction of tests to measure psychological characteristicsHow are psychological tests developed?• Criterion MeasureThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.outcomeassumed to require characteristic• Test Itemssamples of behaviors expected to predict criterion measureWhat are important test characteristics?• Standardizationuniform conditions for administrating test•Reliabilityconsistent and replicable outcomes• Validitymeasures what intended to measureHow have intelligence tests been developed?Binet Test• 1905 - France• Attempted to predict children needing special education• Developed 1st test to measure mental ageStanford-Binet Test• 1916• Adapted Binet test for U.S.• Introduced idea of intelligence quotient (IQ = MA/CA x 100)• 1939• Adapted test for adults• Scaled to normal distributionNormal DistributionSpearman’s General Factor Theory• Applied factor analysis to determine structure of intelligence• Concluded general (G) intelligenceGeneral Factor Intelligence (G)Cattell’s Two Factor Theory• Fluid (Gf)basic information processing skills• Crystallized (Gc)acquired knowledgeWhat are test characteristics of current IQ tests?• Exceptionally Reliable- r > .90 for test-retest• Qualifiedly Valid- r = .40s – .80s for school success- some prediction for life successWhat are extremes of IQ?Intellectual Disability• < 70 IQ (-2 SDs)• ~ 50% organic problems• need assistance through lifeGifted• > 130 IQ (+2 SDs)• tend to be successful• typically do nothing extraordinary• Culture Bias of Test• Differences in Upbringing- family income- poverty- family education- single households- unemployment• Stereotype ThreatWhat are possible causes of Flynn effect?• Schools- vocabulary- information• Society- visual images- reasoning demands• Biology- nutrition- infectious diseaseWhat are possible consequences of Flynn effect?As world has become smarter it has become:- less violent- less cruel- more peacefulWhat contributes to IQ?• Genetics• EnvironmentWhat are strengths and weaknesses of IQ as measure of intelligence?Intelligence• Definitions of Intelligence• Psychometric Perspective• Group Differences in IQ• Alternative PerspectivesGardner’s Multiple Intelligence ModelEmotional IntelligenceAbility to recognize and regulate emotions of self and othersTake Home Messages(Intelligence)• Individual differences in psychometric intelligence, which is the general aptitude to processand use information, is very predictive of school success and to a lesser extent of lifesuccess•Intelligence also is made up of more specific abilities that do not predict school