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U-M PSYCH 111 - Mental Disorders
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Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 21Outline of Last Lecture Social Psychology: Social BehaviorI. Part 1 = Being in the presence of othersa. Individual performanceb. Group performanceII. Part 2 = Social context and helping/aggressiona. Bystander effectb. Deindividuationc. Social roleIII. Part 3 = Social influencea. Obedienceb. Conformityc. ComplianceOutline of Current Lecture Mental DisordersI. Overview of Mental DisordersII. Major Disordersa. Anxiety Disordersb. Mood Disordersc. SchizophreniaCurrent LectureMental Disorders• Overview of Mental Disorders• Major Disorders- Anxiety Disorders- Mood Disorders- SchizophreniaWhat are mental disorders?Patterns of behaviors, thoughts, or emotions associated with subjective distress or disability•Anxiety Disorders• Mood Disorders• SchizophreniaWhat are key characteristics of disorders?• Diagnosiscategory of illness• Prevalencerate in population• Prognosisprobable trajectoryThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Etiologycause of problemsOn what basis are disorders diagnosed?How are mental disorders diagnosed?Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM V) - 2013• official criteria for disorders• reliable and valid diagnosis• evidence basedWhat is comorbidity?have more than one disorderWhat is typical prognosis for mental disorders?• Present everyday for 2 weeks• Typically lasts 6 months, sometimes years• Often reoccurs throughout lifeWhat is etiology of mental disorders?• Predisposing CausesIrreversible brain abnormalities- genetics- damaging early environment- prolonged psychological stress• Precipitating CausesImmediate stressful events- job loss- divorceWhat are anxiety disorders?Disorders that involve abnormal or pathological fear and anxiety• generalized anxiety disorder• panic disorder• phobias• post traumatic stress disorder• obsessive compulsive disorderHow is generalized anxiety disorder diagnosed?Persistent global anxiety with no threat or specific dangerHow is panic disorder diagnosed?Unexpected, severe panic attacks that begin with a feeling of intense apprehension andfear• rapid heartbeat• perspiration• shortness of breath• trembling• uncontrollable fear• hyperventilationHow are phobias diagnosed?Persistent, irrational, excessive fear of object, activity, or situationWhat is agoraphobia?Extreme fear of potentially inescapable places or open spacesWhat is social phobia?Persistent, irrational fear of social situationsHow is post traumatic stress disorder diagnosed?Persistent re-experience of traumatic events through distressing recollections, dreams,hallucinations, or dissociative flashbacksHow is obsessive compulsive behavior diagnosed?Persistent, uncontrollable intrusions• Obsessions - thoughts• Compulsions - behaviorsWhat are mood disorders?Disorders in which disturbance of mood hypothesized to be main underlying feature• depression• dysthymia• seasonal affect disorder (sad)• bipolar disorderHow is major depressive disorder diagnosed?Persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in previous sources of pleasuresadnesspleasure- decreased energy- altered eating- altered sleeping- feeling worthless- feeing hopelessHow is dysthymia diagnosed?• Chronic depression• Less severe• Longer lasting• Lower gradeHow is seasonal affect disorder diagnosed?• Related to season• Repeated year after year• Mostly in winterHow is bipolar disorder diagnosed?Alternating periods of depression and maniaHow is schizophrenia diagnosed?Severe psychopathology involving disintegration and disturbance of thought• withdrawal from reality• breakdown of personality• emotional and cognitive distortionsJason is so preoccupied with staying clean that he showers as many as 10 timeseach day. He likely suffers from:A. major depressive disorderB. paranoid schizophreniaC. panic disorderD. bipolar disorderE. obsessive-compulsive disorderAlthough Lila escaped from war-torn Iraq two years ago, she still has hauntingmemories and nightmares, and is also severely depressed. She likely suffers from:A. bipolar disorderB. antisocial personality disorderC. post-traumatic stress disorderD. major depressive disorderE. agoraphobiaOne day Matt felt euphoric and on top of the world. A few days later he felthopeless and lethargic. He likely suffers from:A. panic disorderB. agoraphobiaC. major depressive disorderD. antisocial personality disorderE. bipolar disorderClaiming she heard voices commanding her to warn people that eating is harmful,Sandy attempts to convince restaurant patrons not to eat. Her psychiatrist findsher thinking and speech incoherent, and she has an unreasonable fear thatsomeone is “out to get her.” She likely suffers from:A. schizophreniaB. panic disorderC. bipolar disorderD. post-traumatic stress disorderE. antisocial personality disorderBob has never been able to keep a job, has been in and out of jail for charges suchas theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. He likely suffers from:A. post-traumatic stress disorderB. major depressive disorderC. bipolar disorderD. antisocial personality disorderE. obsessive-compulsive disorderSadie is so fearful of being overwhelmed by anxiety she rarely steps outside herapartment, gets her groceries delivered, and works at home. She likely suffersfrom:A. obsessive-compulsive disorderB. agoraphobiaC. bipolar disorderD. major depressive disorderE. panic disorderFor the last month Gabrielle has felt lethargic, been unable to get out of bed, andwithdrawn from friends and family because she feels worthless and unlovable. Shelikely suffers from:A. major depressive disorderB. antisocial personality disorderC. paranoid schizophreniaD. post-traumatic stress disorderE. bipolar disorderMessages of the Day(Mental Disorders)• Nearly 1/3 of Americans suffer some psychological disorder in any year, and nearly 1/2suffer a psychological disorder during their life• Research has begun to show genetic and environmental precursors of mental illness, aswell as brain


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