Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 16Outline of Last Lecture EmotionI. Nature of EmotionII. Theories of EmotionIII. Attribution of EmotionIV. MoodOutline of Current Lecture DevelopmentI. Overview of DevelopmentII. Prenatal DevelopmentIII. InfancyIV. ChildhoodV. AdolescenceCurrent LectureDEVELOPMENT• Overview of Development• Prenatal Development• Infancy• Childhood• AdolescenceWhat is development?Age related change (through maturity)• Physical- Brain- Body- Motor• Social- Temperament- Attachment- Self Control• Cognitive- Senses- Language- Cognitive SkillsWhat are stages of prenatal development?• Germinal− conception to implantation of zygote• EmbryonicThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.− implantation to 8 weeks− organ development• Fetal− 8 weeks to birth− rapid growthWhat are teratogens?Toxic agents that can cause defects in an embryo or fetusHow do humans arrive at birth?• Most immature species at birth• Development after birth allows adaptation to wide range of environmentsWhat is temperament?• Mood, activity, and emotional responsiveness• Personality characteristics regarded as innateWhat is attachment?Emotional relationship between child and “regular caregiver”What is contributes to self control?Delay of Gratification• Immediate small rewardvs.• Delayed larger rewardHow do cognitive abilities change with age?Piaget’s Theory• Humans gradually acquire knowledge structures by acting on environment• Language contingent on cognitive developmentWhat are Piagetian concepts?• Schemascognitive structures used to make sense of world• Assimilationincorporation of experiences into existing schemas• Accommodationmodification of schemas when experiences do not fit existing schemasWhat is theory of mind?Understanding others have thoughts that differ from ownHow do cognitive abilities change with age?Vygotsky’s Theory• Cognitive development is internalization of interpersonal communication• Language viewed as mechanism of cognitive developmentWhat are Vygotskyian concepts?• Zone of Proximal Development- difference between what learner can do with vs. without help• Scaffolding- way teacher guides learning- focused questionsWhat are ramifications of adolescent prefrontal cortex immaturity?• Planning• Organizing• Prioritizing• Strategizing• Controlling impulses• Contextualizing• Adapting to social environmentsWhat are issues of social emotional development?• Who am I? Where do I belong?- Identity developmentgendersexualethnic• How do I relate to others?- Social Skills- Emotional IntelligenceTake Home Messages(Development)• The prenatal environment is critical to later development• The relatively long time of human immaturity permits adaptation within a large range ofenvironments• Infancy, childhood, and adolescence are times of quantitative and qualitativedevelopmental gains• What happens during infancy, childhood, and adolescence impacts later
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