PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 8 Outline of Last Lecture I. Perceptual Processesa. Gestalt Principlesb. Cognitive Stylesc. Perceptual Setsd. Perceptual Constanciese. Depth and Distance Cluesf. IllusionsII. Inattentional BlindnessOutline of Current Lecture I. Variations in Consciousnessa. Conscious Thoughtb. Sleeping and Dreamingc. MeditationCurrent Lecture2/24/2015: VARIATIONS IN CONSCIOUSNESSWhat is consciousness?• Awareness of world and self• Subjective experienceVariations in Consciousness• Conscious Thought• Sleeping and Dreaming• MeditationWhat are circadian rhythms?Cycle in biochemical, physiological, and behavioral processes of living entitiesWhat is sleep wake cycle?These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.What individual differences are there in circadian patterns?• “Owls” (night people) “Larks” (morning people)What group differences are there in circadian patterns?“Larks”(Morning People)- Older Adults- Introverts“Owls”(Night People)- Younger Adults- ExtrovertsWhat is impact of differences in circadian rhythms?• Learning• Work• Relationships• RecreationWhat is Sleep?• Reduced or absent consciousness• Suspension of sensation• Decreased reactions to stimuli• Elimination of voluntary activityWhy do we sleep?• Reduces danger• Conserves energy• Restores bodily resources• Removes brain toxinsIn which stage of sleep does most dreaming occur?REMWhat are dreams?• Involuntarily brain activity during sleep• Reported as- Images- Ideas- Emotions- SensationsWhat are common dreams?• Flying• Naked in crowd• Not prepared• Being trapped• Being chased• Dying• FallingHow can dreams be characterized?• Negative (64%)- Sadness- Fear- Anger• Positive (18%)- Happiness- Excitement• Aggressive > Friendly (2:1)• Black & White (25%)How can you sleep better?• Maintain consistent hours• Avoid caffeine, food, alcohol, stress, noise, or heavy exercise before sleep• Create relaxing bedtime routine• Use bed for sex and sleep only• Get out of bed if can not sleepVariations in Consciousness• Conscious Thought• Sleeping and Dreaming• MeditationWhat is meditation?• Practices that bring mental processes under greater voluntary control• Enhances- Calmness- Clarity- Concentration- Well-being- HealthTake Home Messages(Consciousness)• Consciousness is subjective awareness of world and self• People go through regular cycles of arousal throughout day and night in which sleepappears necessary for memory consolidation and effective function• Meditation is an altered state of consciousness that positively impacts physical and mental health when practiced
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