Day OneI. ConsciousnessA. The awareness of internal and external stimuli B. Various kinds of awareness1. External events 2. Internal sensations3. Of oneself as unique to experiences4. Of thought about experiencesC. Conscious Content includes1. Current Concerns, daydreams and unwanted thoughtsD. Properties of Consciousness1. Intentionality….2. Unity…3. Selectivity…4. Transience…II. Subliminal Perception-can we be unaware of things and have them still have an impact?A. James Vicary and “Drink Coke and Eat Popcorn”B. Kronsnick study: subliminal messages…C. Freud and ConsciousnessD. Three levels of Consciousness1. Conscious: mental events we aware of 2. Preconscious mental events that …….3. Unconscious: mental events inaccessible to our awarenessIII. Circadian CyclesA. Individuals have different internal clocksB. Most run on a 24 hour cycleC. Almost all are set for sleep at nightD. Night Time sleepiness….E. Siesta Zone…F. Programmed for napsIV. Sleeping and DreamingA. Functions of Sleep1. 2.3.B. Sleep Deprivation1. decrease immune functions2. leads to…3. less alert and attentive4. more irritable5. ability to…V. Stage of SleepA. No REM (Rapid Eye Movement)1. Stage 1:2. Stage 2:3. Stage 3:4. Stage 45.VI. REM SleepA. Rapid Eye Movement Sleep: active brainwaves, increased heart rate and blood pressure, limip muscle stateB. 80% of REM is ……C. Alternates on 90 minutes cyclesVII. Developmental Issues with SleepA. Newborns and Infants: 50% of sleep is REMB. By age 3-4 it is more like 20% of overall sleep which is more similar to the adult levelC. Infants appear to be hardwired for more REM sleepD. Adolescent have another shift in sleep patterns and sleep needs1, delayed phase preference: term for the …2. Teens sleep less but need more sleep and can lead to decrease levels of productivity. College students fit this patternE. Middle age brings a shift in sleep patternsF. Much explained by hormonal change and alteration in the environmentG. The elderly are most commonly impacted bu changes in sleep patterns, alterations in sleep cyclesH. Biological, psychological and social reasons1. spend more time in bed, take longer to fall asleep, awake more in the night, sleep is less efficient……VIII. Sleep DisordersA. Sleep Apnea- a lack of breath while sleeping disrupts sleep patterns1. 3 types identified but Obstructive Apnea is the most common and sever2. The muscles at the back of the throat relax obstructing the airway, breathing can actually stop causing awaking3. Related to…..B. Narcolepsy1. falling asleep suddenly or sleep attacks which can occur at any time and last a few seconds or 30 minutes2. Catalexy…3. May experience sleep paralysis4. May be accompanies by vivd dream like images C. Insomnia1. over half of American’s report it at some time in theory lives2. There are different types of insomnia i. Transient Insomniaa. lasts only a few nights, often due to anxiety or excitementii. Short-term Insomniaa. poor sleeping for 2-3 weeks caused by ongoing stressor as well as medical problemsiii. Chronic Insomniaa. Underlying medical or behavioral issues, does have a genetic component likely as it runs in families 3. Ways to combat insomnia i. exercise dailyii. don’t drink caffeinate products before bed(ex. Caffeine, hot chocolate, diet cokeiii. If you cant sleep, get up and then come back later and try again D. Sleepwalking-causes people, usually children to take nocturnal trips they don’t remember1. Temporary sleep mechanism malfunctions during the deeper stages of sleep2. can run in families3. Often abates by puberty4. Treatment involves safety measures5. Can you wake up a sleepwalker safely?E. Sleep Talking1. Can range from one word to a soliloquy2. No memory of the conversation3. Usually short term4. Sometimes because of stress or illnessF. Sleep Terror1. Sudden awakening with physical behavior associated with intense fear2. Screaming, fighthing, trying to escape appear 3. episodes last about 15 minutes4. Person return to sleep unable to recall in the morning5. More common in childhood6. The main treatment it….G. REM Movement Disorders1. Usually in sleep the paralysis which normally occurs does not function…2. Most common in older men and may result in violent behavior3. Unlike those who experience sleep terrors, these people may remember their vivid dreams4. treated with medicationsIX. Interpretations of DreamsA. Cultural Differences in Understanding DreamsB. Freudian Concepts of Dream Interpretation1 Manifest content2. Latent ContentC. Common InterpretationsD. Activation-synthesis model1. Dreams are produced as people try to make sense of the random neural activity that occurs during sleepDay Two I. Altered Levels of ConsciousnessA. Hypnosis1. Systematic procedure that typically produces heightened sense susceptibility to behaving or feeling in a certain way2. Various factors involved in hypnosisi. Anesthesia ii. Sensory Distortions Ex. Cigg in to a worm when picked upiii. Disinhibition – people act in a way that they wouldn’t normally act in a public setting iv. Post-hypnotic amnesia- wont remember what will happen when you wake up B. Hilgard1. Altered level of consciences; dissociation2. part of consionsess is split offC. Spanos1. Subjects interpret their behavior as caused by something other than self; voluntary actions, goal-directed social behaviors, not altered consciousness2. Rituals surrounding hypnosis increase suggestibility and create expectations-makes people more likely to experience what is expected …..demand characteristics- experience what you expect 3. Hypnotic subjects are those more likely to show suggestibility and absorption 4. Doesn’t believe in dissociation – an altered state of consciousness 5. regardless if it is an altered state it work wells for other peopleII. Altered States: The impact of Drugs on ConsciousnessA. Psychoactive Drugs1. a substance that affects perception, mood, thinking, memory or behavior by changing the body’s chemistry B. Tolerance1. The progressive decrease in a persons responsiveness to a drug happens after a long term exposure and more of the drug is needed to create the same level of euphoriaC. Dependence1. Psychologicali. person must continue to take a drug to stratify environmental craving2. Psychicali. person must continue to take to avoid withdrawal illness * can alter neurological pathways when you become an addicted and when you are exposed to drugsD. Categories of