PSYCH 111 1st Edition Lecture 11Outline of Last Lecture I. Overview of MemoryII. Memory StagesIII. Memory ProcessesIV. Memory FailuresOutline of Current Lecture I. Nature of Language and CommunicationII. Relation between Language and ThoughtIII. Language AcquisitionIV. Non Human LanguageCurrent LectureLANGUAGE AND COMMUNICATION• Nature of Language and Communication• Relation between Language and Thought• Language Acquisition• Non Human LanguageWhat is communication?Activity of conveying information• verbal• nonverbalWhat are examples of nonverbal communication?• Gestures• Body language• Posture• Facial expression• Eye contact• Clothing• HairstyleWhat are symbols?Representations containing meaning without correspondence to perceptionHow do communication and language differ?Communication• Exchange information about presentLanguage• Exchange information about present• Exchange information across time and spaceThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Transmit accumulated knowledgeWhat are units of language?• Syntaxgrammar• Morphemesmeaning• PhonemessoundWhat are rules of language?• Semanticsmeaning• Syntaxarrangement of words into sentencesEvidence of Thought Influence on LanguageJapanese(collectivist)more words for interpersonal emotions (empathy)Americans(individualistic)more words for self-focused emotions (sadness)Examples of Semantic Slanting• Pro-Life vs.• Anti-Abortion vs.• Anti-Choice• Pro-Choice vs.• Pro-Abortion vs.• Anti-LifePhoneme Discrimination can be LostLanguage Comprehension Precedes ProductionGirls Develop Language Earlier than BoysSystematic Errors• Overextensionsoverly wide use of words• Underextensionsoverly narrow use of words• Overregularizationsgeneralize grammatical rules to irregular casesExamples:Use ‘Daddy’ for any manUse ‘ball’ only for baseballHe ‘goed’ homeWhat are critical and sensitive periods?• Critical Periodstime beyond which phenomenon will not appear• Sensitive periodstime of maximal sensitivityWhat are impacts of bilingualism?• Slightly slower language acquisition• Somewhat higher cognitive flexibility, analytical reasoning, selective attention, andmetalinguistic awareness• Possible protection from late life dementiasWhat are main theories of language development?• Behaviorist• Nativist• InteractionistBehaviorist Perspective ofLanguage AcquisitionS-R LearningLanguage learning same as all operant conditioningNativist Perspective ofLanguage AcquisitionLanguage Acquisition Devise (LAD)Humans have innate ability to acquire languageInteractionist Perspective of Language AcquisitionLanguage Acquisition Support System (LASS)Innate facility is supplemented by external supportWhat communication skills do non humans have?• Receptivefollow human commands• Productivecommunicate objects, states, and placesWhat are limitations in non human language use?• Vocabulary size• Abstractness of terms•Complexity of word combinationsTake Home Messages(Language and Communication)• Language is an arbitrary system of symbols for communicating thoughts and feelings• Considerable evidence, including brain organization and language acquisition, suggests thathumans have a predisposition for language• While nonhumans have some communication abilities they do not seem to be able tomaster true
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