Psych 111 1st Edition Lecture 18Outline of Last Lecture AgingI. Overview of AgingII. Age Differences in Adulthooda. Physicalb. Cognitivec. SocialIII. Causes of Changes in AdulthoodIV. Patterns of Lifespan ChangeOutline of Current Lecture PersonalityI. Perspectives on Personalitya. Psychodynamic, psychoanalyticb. Humanistc. Behaviorald. Social Cognitivee. Traiti. 5 factor modelII. Group Differences in PersonalityIII. Determinants of PersonalityCurrent LecturePERSONALITYWhat is personality?Individual differences that influence feelings, behaviors, and thoughts across time andsituationsPersonality• Perspectives on Personality• Group Differences in Personality• Determinants of PersonalityWhat are alternative approaches to personality?• Psychoanalytic• Humanistic• Behavioral• Social Cognitive• TraitWhat was foundation of psychodynamic perspective?Case studies of clinical patients in psychoanalysisWhat are key ideas of psychoanalytic perspective?• Unconscious influences behaviorThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.• Personality formed in early childhoodWhat are key concepts of psychoanalytic perspective?• Idinstinctual energy (pleasure principle)• Superegoconscience (morality principle)• Egorational mediator (reality principle)What are defense mechanisms?Unconscious psychological strategies for dealing with anxietyWhat was foundation of humanistic perspective?Case studies of clinical patients in client centered therapyWhat are key ideas of humanistic perspective?• Goodness of human nature• Emphasis of free will• Importance of subjective experienceWhat is key concept of humanistic perspective?Self-conceptmental model of abilities and attributesWhat was foundation of behavioral perspective?Laboratory studies, primarily with animals• Personality is response tendency shaped by reinforcement history• Environmental determinismWhat was foundation of social cognitive perspective?Laboratory studies with humans, primarily childrenWhat are key ideas of social cognitive perspective?• Individuals are self-organizing, self-reflecting, and self-regulating• Self efficacy impacts behaviorWhat is self efficacy?Beliefs about performance capacity in particular situationWhat was foundation of trait perspective?Statistical analysis of empirical data from personality testsWhat are key ideas of trait perspective?• Individuals are unique• Traits are consistent patterns of feelings, behaviors, and thoughtsWhat is five factor model?A. OpennessB. ConscientiousnessC. AgreeablenessD. NeuroticismE. ExtraversionIntroversion does not equal shyWhat are sources of personality differences?• Genetics (~ 40%)• Environment (~ 60%)• Interaction of genetics and environmentgenetic predisposition leads to choice of environmentWhat are components of environment?SharedEnvironment• Family• Race, ethnicity, culture• Neighborhood• SchoolUnique Environment• Birth order• Sibling interaction• Parental interaction• PeersTake home Messages(Personality)• We have relatively stable personality characteristics that predispose us to think, act, andfeel in particular ways• Personality is determined by both genetics and environment• Personality also influences the situations we place ourselves in, which in term interact withpersonality to influence
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