LINGUIS 100 1st Edition Lecture 14 Signed LanguagesASL- American Sign Language-Difference between a language that is spoken and one that is signed -One used the ears for processing, and the other uses the eyes for processingHow to analyze signs so that we can compare signs across sign languages -Where sounds a produced in the mouth, we must also talk about where signs are made and the variety of sign languages a. how to sign languages vary from place to placei. different type and different purposesii. more than 115 deaf sign languages used today b. Different signs are used in different communities c. Sign languages are natural languages that form to bring together the people of a communityi. Differ from one part of the world to the next ii. Example in British sign language, you will have completely different signs for basic word like mother and father than you would in ASL1. You can also have different signs in different regions of a country- It does not have to just be differing from nation to nation, but can actually be different in places like Bristol versus London (Two cities within Britain). iii. How to analyze sign languages1. Where is it comfortable to move your hands 2. Where speakers are able to do signs- above the waist and below the top of the head3. What parts of the body are you using in sign languages?a. The hands b. elbowsiv. What are the meaningful parts of signs?1. Minimal differences- signs that are only minimally different but trigger a completely different meaning and worda. Example the word for hospital and park is in the same place and same motion, but the shape of the signer’s hand is just a bit differentb. the word for computer and church the placement and shape of signer’s hand is same but the movement is different c. Also notice the expression on signer’s face change with different meanings2. Place of Articulation in Signinga. movement- you cannot have a static signb. the handshape c. Place of articulation- signs occur above the waisti. But if you are shouting in a sign language, you are going tomake the signs bigger, but if you are whispering, you mightdecrease your sign spaceii. looking at the location, it is relative to the conversation, buttypically signs occur in the same place at a normal “volume” of speaking3. Hands and Switchinga. It is hard to tell if a person who signs is left or right handed b. Handshake is important in the signers behaviori. closed and then open fist or the opposite wayii. handshakes will vary across languages c. Orientation- which direction is the palm of the hand facing?i. in, out, up, down, or is it movingd. Finger selection is important again i. It is difficult to move certain fingers more than others (your ring fingers are harder to move around each other than other fingers)4. Negationa. Around the Mediterranean is it common to tilt the head back to indicate negation b. The elbow can also play role in negating phrases and verbs and actions5. Variance across languages in signa. Selected Fingersb. How the face and head plays a rolec. What kind of restriction on a sign changes the meaningd. Handshape adjacency- If you have one sign and then go into a new sign, are you able to combine these or not?d. Videos to see how things vary (Dr. Pattillo does not sign, so she will often be using videos and other aids to help her demonstrate concepts in Signi. Gender Variation in Irish Sign Language1. Colors: a. One example in Feminine: Orange makes a circle on your right cheek with your right hand that is formed in a circle b. One example in Masculine: These were the same c. Example two in Feminine: The word white was a quick flash of three fingers with the right handd. Example in Masculine: The word is made with your right hand gliding over your collar