LINGUIS 100 1st Edition Lecture 12Adpositions and Postpositions and Preposition -Because of specific syntaxes in languages, every language has a different or unique word order especially of adpositions and postpositions a. Both Japanese and Hindi have postpositionsb. English has prepositionsc. French has prepositionsi. This is determined if the noun comes before the phrase or after ii. Example: boy stick with dog hit1. What type of prepositions and adpositions and postpositions?2. What kind of syllables does it have? Here you would look at the actual words of the data from the native language and see if the words end with a vowel or a consonant a. Everything ends in a vowel? open syllables 3. Does Japanese have consonant clusters? Must look at how many consonants aretogether? If there are at least two consonants next to each other in a word, thenthe language has consonant clusters Video on Syntax NotesHow does a child know that a marble that is in the box cannot be near the box? -Knowing the difference between outside and inside the box- The marble can be near the box if the marble is in the box, a. Just as something outside of it could be near it as well b. This concept is a very obscure one, but can only be developed in an abstract way/We just know that a box has an interior, but it doesn’t matter what is inside- Rather the concept of knowing inside, outside, in, and near the box is what matters in the sense of linguisticsi. This is an extremely abstract linguistic conceptsc. Suppose that you could use any one of ten words, and then you could say a third word with ten possible options or words again, and the same with the thirdi. You can see here how the possibilities of the combinations that we can create become multiplied by ten each time you add a word with only ten possibilitiesii. Now imagine a twenty word sentence with not just ten options for each word, but twenty words for eachThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.1. There is no longest sentence- the number of possible sentences are is infinite iii. What about shorter sentences? Five word sentences 1. These can of course be used over and over again d. We have a system which is free in many ways and creative, as long as you stay within the boundsof the system i. The very beginning of science is always the capacity to be amazed by apparently simple things ii. A simple question: There is really no two things that are different from each other with sound and meaning? But they are totally different, so how did they ever get linked?1. Here is where syntax and the system of grammar comes in to organized and make sense of the words that we attach meaning to, out of the context of the grammar and syntax e. If you compare your thoughts and perceptions to what you say that there is a direct relationship with what you think and what you say, but in fact there is not a huge link between the two and are exceedingly different when you really look at them linguistically and with the context of syntax i. We must arrange things in one way or another in able to speak them and create some sort of understanding by othersii. Does the form of a sentence depend on it’s meaning?1. form and syntax can in fact be separated from meaning- We can say things in thecompletely wrong order, but still know the meaning of the words and this tells us that there is more to this systematic feature of meaning behind words, along with the order that they are put in (syntax)iii. It is an evolved capacity iv. Universal grammar1. You inherit many of the principles and processes involved in your particular grammar of your native language2. These 5000 languages of the world are actually very similar in their systematic approaches 3. If there are universal features to language, wouldn’t that unify all people everywhere?What is common in the human