LINGUIS 100 1st EditionLecture 8ReviewWhat should you be taking away from this course? What can you do with linguistic training?-What will I be tested on?-What can you do with Linguistics: Fastest growing area right now for jobs with Linguistics is computer related and deals with voice recognition -Also teaching is the second widest application to studying linguistics -What is it that she might as us to do on an Exam?-Differences between animal and human communication-Speech production and how sounds are made (difference between consonants and vowels-IPA Chart does not need to be memorized but you should know how to use it, sothat if she asks “Is this sound /b/ voiced or voiceless and what is the place of articulation of this symbol?”-Phonology and be able to recognize if something is an open or closed syllable. “Is this la an open or closed syllable?” (open because it ends in a vowel)-Whats the difference between a syllabary and an alphabet? A syllabary represents a full symbol where are a letter in an alphabet represents a soundOmniglot- http://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic_egypt.htm (Here you can find an example on Omniglot and play around with the site and how it works. The example that I have included herehas the writing system for Arabic in the way it is spoken in Egypt, which I feel is maybe the closest thing to what our TA was trying to teach on Monday the 16th in Lecture, but I could very well be wrong. There are tons of languages and writing systems available for you to view on Omniglot, however, so take advantage of this to see examples of exactly what we are talking about.) 1. Writing Systems are a Cultural Artifacta. Representational i. Languageii. Writing systems can be older, and they are invented by humans. Language is kind of just there, but we can learn to read and write later on in life. We can speak the same language and use a difference writing system to talk about that same language. Different codes, and things that humans invent to represent their language.b. Symbolici. Culturesii. Peoplec. Mark IdentityThese notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.i. Religious, National (having nations within a country, where people may choose to have the same language but a different writing system to symbolize the distinction of this nation within a country of other nations), Historicii. Political, Gender (example of this is syllabaries used in Japanese- identitycould be marked by the writing system), Educational d. It is possible that you can have the same language or very similar languages, except in different scripts 2. Similac Languages, Different Scripts-Hindi and Urdu are an example of this-Arabic and Judeo- Arabic another example where Judeo-Arabic uses a Hebrew based script-Bosnian and Serbian used to be considered the exact same language, but there was a civil war that separated the two. You would have no problem talking with each other in full understanding, but if you wrote down what you were saying, you could not understand what the written symbols and script is3. Very Different Languages, Similar Scripts-Russian and Ket- Ket is very similar in writing system to Russian-Can have similar languages with very different scripts, but can have different languages, with same or similar scripts (this is most important part to know rather than the specific examples of certain languages) 4. Languages with more than one script-How languages change with policial turns and tides - Cyrillic based to Latin to Arabic based script - These things change and these things do happen. But why would someone want to change scripts? We will look at this in how German changed over time.5. German Script ChangesBelow, on the next page is a picture of the different fonts that German used to use. There were a lot of debates as to whether printing presses should use this, or if it was too ugly and harsh, and if it was too hard to read. -The S’s all have three different symbols- one symbol will appear at the beginningof the word, one will appear at the end of the word, and another in the middle. -German shows something phonologically with this symbol as well, because the s’s exhibit different sounds-There is also another different kind of handwriting in cursive that needs a certaintraining to read this handwriting in German -What changed? The nazi’s taking over and they didn’t like it, so there was a change in ideology within Germany, and with that the script changed.-Another thing that German does is updates and changes it’s spelling to help portray better how people pronounce thingsChanges:-one words changing to two-words being respelled6. English Spellinga. homophones, homographsi. Why don’t we get rid of all of them and choose one. We could go the german way and change our spelling, but we don’t want to, and want to do things different.ii. We are not updating our spelling at all iii. If we make these changes, we will use the historical meaning 1. Example: knight is historically related to German where the gh is related to the ch in the German word knechtb. sounds that are spelled differentlyc. same spelling, different soundsd. - kn silent -e sound, -ough, and many moreIn the below image, Dr. Pattillo is writing in one of the languages she has learned, Weger, whichis spoken by 10 million people in China, and can also be written in a latin text as well as a Russian Cyrillic system because of political involvement of Russia with