Mgt 305 1st Edition Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 14 Managing Teams 1 What are the defining features of a group that were discussed in class A group is defined as two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals Formal groups are work groups defined by the organization and have designated work assignments Informal groups are social groups in the workplace which tend to occur naturally and are based around friendship or common interests 2 What are the definitions and examples of Tuckman s 5 stages of group development 5 stages of group development forming storming norming performing and adjourning Forming Stage the first stage of group development in which people join the group and then define the group s purpose structure and leadership This stage is completed when members begin to think of themselves as part of the group Storming Stage characterized by intragroup conflict A relatively clear hierarchy of leadership and agreement on the group s direction emerge Norming Stage one in which close relationships develop and the group becomes cohesive There is now a strong sense of group identity and the group assimilates a common set of expectations Performing Stage when the group is fully functional and works on group task This is the last stage of development for permanent work groups Adjourning for temporary work groups this is the final stage of group development During this stage the group prepares to disband they are concerned with wrapping activities rather than task performance 3 What are the definitions and examples of McGrath s I P O model of teams IPO stands for Input Process and Output External Conditions Organization s Strategy Authority relationships Availability of resources Equipment Organizational Culture Formal rules and regulations Employee selection criteria Performance management system Physical layout of workspace Group performance is dependent on individual resources of members KSAs Knowledge Abilities Skills Personality Traits 4 What are the definitions and examples of Group Structure discussed in the Group Performance Model Roles behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit Status a prestige grading position or rank within a group Social Loafing the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually Group Cohesiveness the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group s goals Norms standards and expectations that are accepted and shared by a group s members Size the smaller the group the faster they are at completing the tasks Jeff Bezos s Amazon CEO two pizza philosophy which states that a team should be small enough to be fed with two pizzas Groupthink when a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with others opinions Chapter 17 Motivating Employees 1 What are the definitions examples and differences between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Motivation set of energetic forces that originate within and beyond an individual Intrinsic internal Autonomy Belonging Curiosity Love Learning Mastery Meaning Extrinsic external Badges Competition Punishment Gold stars Money Rewards 2 What are the key components definitions and examples of Maslow s Hierarchy of Needs Also known as hierarchy of needs theory This theory proposes that within every person is a hierarchy of five needs Physiological needs a person s need for food drink shelter sex and other physical requirement Safety needs a person s needs for security and protection from physical or emotional harm Social needs a person s needs for affection belongingness acceptance and friendship Esteem needs a person s needs for internal esteem factors such as self respect autonomy and achievement and external esteem factors such as status recognition and attention Self actualization a person s need for growth achieving one s potential and self fulfillment becoming what one is capable of becoming 3 What are the key components definitions and examples of McGregor s Theory X Y Proposes two assumptions about human nature Theory X and Theory Y Theory X negative the assumption that employees dislike work are lazy avoid responsibility and must be controlled to perfume Theory Y positive The assumptions that employees are creative enjoy work seek responsibility and can exercise self direction 4 What are the key components definitions and examples of Herzberg s Two Factor Theory Also referred to as motivation hygiene theory proposes that intrinsic factors motivators are related to job satisfaction while extrinsic factors hygiene factors are associated with dissatisfaction Hygiene factors supervision company policy relationship with supervisor salary status Motivators achievement recognition work itself responsibility advancement growth 5 What are the key components definitions and examples of McClelland s Three Needs Theory This motivation theory says that three acquired not innate needs achievement power and affiliation are major motives in work Need for achievement nAch the drive to succeed and exceed in relation to standards Need for power nPow the need to make other behave in a way they would not have behaved otherwise Need for affiliation nAff the desire for a friendly and close interpersonal relationship 6 What are the key components definitions and examples of the Job Characteristics Theory Identifies 5 core job dimensions and their impact on employee productivity and motivation Skill variety the degree to which a job requires a variety of activities so that the employee can use a number of different skills and talents Task identity the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable piece of work Task significance the degree to which a job has a substantial impact on the lives or work of the people Autonomy the degree to which a job provides substantial freedom independence and discretion to the individual in scheduling the work and determining the procedures to be used in carrying it out Feedback the degree to which carrying out work activities required by a job results in the individual s obtaining direct and clear information about his or her performance effectiveness 7 What are the key components definitions and examples of Goal Setting Theory The proposition that specific goals increase performance and that difficult goals when accepted result in higher performance than do easy goals This