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UW-Milwaukee LINGUIS 100 - Phonology

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LINGUIS 100 1st Edition Lecture 9 Phonology Linguistics 100 Week 3 Phonology is the study of the parts and order of sounds in in language Phonetics how sounds are mad Phonology how the brain interprets sounds Sound inventory sounds in a language Which sounds are in a language Where do these sounds occur How do these sounds group with other sounds Which Sounds are in a Language Examine words for consonants and vowels pepeluali February This is systematic and can look at the sounds of a language to figure out how these words transferred or changed into being this Hawaiian uses what it already has in it s sound inventory to mimic the sounds of English Replacing foreign v sounds with native p sounds that is in their language All F s replaced with P s because similar in their make up meaning both are voiceless etc kepakemapa September Where Can Sounds Occur English sound ng can only be at the end of the word Ex hang ankle But in Vietnamese it can be at the beginning of the word like name Nguyen Not just that sounds are different but where they may occur varies from language to language How do Sounds group with Other Sounds Syllable beat or rhythm in a word all words have at least one syllable Example ankle has two syllables but second syllable does not have a vowel How many consonants can you have in a syllable and how many vowels And where do they occur Ex If I want to say excuse me in Spanish versus Polish in spanish you get to vowel much quicker in Polish you have many more consonants before the vowel This often causes presumptions about languages ie which is spoken quicker but this may not necessarily be true for speed rather it is the way we are hearing it because we do not always know the patterns of syllables in specific languages In English we can only have 3 consonants before we get to a vowel Hawaiian does not have more than a consonant followed by a vowel no consonants after the vowel Open Syllable vs Closed Syllable open ends with a vowel closed ends with a consonant Examples pat closed add closed moo open luck closed ny open slu open See IPA Chart for the above What forms can sounds take If you have the sound t in english there are many ways that it can be pronounced depending on the place that it takes in a word and the way that we take short cuts as a native language When someone says whenever you see the letter t that is a t sound but that is not always the case Ex Kitten butter Point is we do not always pronounce everything in exact way it is supposed to be when we are taught the sounds if we did do this the language would sound much too forced and over pronounced If asked to produce a t sound we could not give the three forms that it comes in when we say kitten butter cart It is not that we do not care enough to pronounce it or laziness It is just the way that a language all of them do this functions for efficiency Imagine if we pronounced every letter in every word they way the sound was originally taught to us we would be speaking for twice the amount of time as we usually do Puff of Air with t sound star versus tar Only one letter changes in the word but there is a puff of air with the way we say tar versus star Phonemes mental representation of a sound where one sound starts and stops How do we know when this happens Languages vary in how they divide and group sounds Contrasts in sounds make a difference in meaning Phonemes can include more than one sound bought versus pot might sound the same but the difference in sounds is a difference in mental representation 5 different sounds especially with t all get grouped into one type of sound even though we specifically say them differently because the difference signifies a difference in meaning as well as sound Allophones Sometimes languages have two or more sounds that are one phoneme These sounds are like superheroes The two variations never occur in the same place Complementary distribution If we have different environments you might not know they are the exact same things We have to look for places where there is the exact same environment but also different things Can we recognize this Data in it Are n and t the same phoneme or different just in two different environments They are same environment but different phonemes Same with p and b in pin and bin Now add pit and bit These are all similar phonemes Minimal Pair or Allophone Want to find all of places where everything is the same except for that one letter which is phoneme so we then say that they are allophone See her notes on D2L for this for specific examples Compare leather to shoulder and see that you have same environment but different phonemes Will talk more of allophones on Wednesday Reading and Assignment for Week Phonology Chapter 4 Sound patterns of Languages Page 49 and answer all of the study questions this week Experiment in Linguistics Program Participate and get a free lunch 45 minutes and get paid 7 Phonology lab 9th floor of Curtain Listen to words on headphones and write down words She will be putting contact information e mail on D2L


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