LINGUIS 100 1st Edition Lecture 3 Language Universal phenomenon Phonetics how speech sounds are made in the vocal tract Phonology How the sounds are represented in the brain How we pay attention to some things sounds but not others Articulation making sounds Consonants sounds that obstruct airflow Vowels sounds that don t obstruct airflow All of these are in all languages All languages have consonants and vowels but some require some in certain place of words while others arrange them differently Here we looked at a slide of a mouth and the parts of it that obstruct airflow versus those that do not Consonants Three features voicing place of articulation manner of articulation Voicing What are the vocal chords doing Spread apart no vibration voiceless drawn together vibration voiced Is this sound voiced or voiceless Are vocal chords vibrating or not vibrating These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor s lecture GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes not as a substitute v sound versus f sound Where is there an obstruction in the vocal tract lips bilabial between the teeth interdental behind the teeth alveolar the middle of the mouth velar near the dangly thing at the back of your mouth uvular These are all places of Articulation Example Test Question Which of the following is a place of articulation She would then ask this as a multiple choice question and suppose the options were a alveolar b uvular c interdental d all of the above Then your answer would clearly be D Manner of Articulation How air is obstructed in the vocal tract completely obstructed stop mostly obstructed fricative detours nasal liquid glide sound and air can go around tongue Example L sound Right left handed more air coming out of that side of tongue Sounds Way to measure sound waves as you talk zoom in on each individual sound testing variation Symbols for Sounds More than one way to spell a sound kick nephew More than one sound to a letter gh cough hiccough thought night IPA International Phonetic Alphabet Series of symbols more than one symbol for having one sound Sometimes in writing systems we need 2 symbols to show one sound How is a Sound Made Same sound but many different symbols that form it depending on how put together without symbols for the most part if there is one symbol in box on chart it is probably voices but not always one exception on the chart The above refers to the chart in the lecture notes that was presented in this lecture You can find it on D2L and it is recommended that you print it You do not have to memorize the chart just have to know how it works Retroflect Nasal tongue curled over so bottom of it is touching top of mouth tongue flipped upside down Consonant Trivia p t k most common consonants some languages have sounds made by sucking in air click sounds Southern Africa Nasal congestion funny voice when you get a cold