1) In a system with double circulation, A. blood is usually pumped at two separate locations as it circulates through the body. B. there is a countercurrent exchange in the gills. C. hemolymph circulates both through a pumping blood vessel and through body sinuses. D. blood is pumped to the gas-exchange organ and returning blood is then pumped through systemic vessels. E. there are always two ventricles and often two atria. 2) In the human digestive system, which is the site of water and ion reabsorption? A. the stomach B. duodenum C. liver D. large intestine E. gall bladder 3) Certain nutrients are considered "essential" in the diets of certain animals because A. only those animals use the nutrients. B. they are subunits of important polymers. C. they cannot be manufactured by the organism. D. they are necessary for energy generation. E. only some foods contain them. 4) In the blood, most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues A. as bicarbonate ions. B. combined with hemoglobin. C. by the trachea. D. by water. E. dissolved in blood plasma. 5) After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is A. protein. B. carbohydrate. C. fat. D. nucleic acid. E. glucose. 6) Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a python. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass. A. elephant; mouse B. elephant; human C. human; penguin D. mouse; python E. penguin; mouse 7) What is the common functional significance of the extended number of cells making up such seemingly different human structures as the lining of the air sacs in the lungs and the wavy lining of the intestine? A. increased oxygen demand from their metabolic activity B. increased exchange surface provided by their membranes C. greater numbers of cell organelles contained within their cytoplasm D. greater protection due to increased cellular mass E. lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperation between cells8) Most nutrients are absorbed across the epithelium of the A. colon. B. stomach. C. esophagus. D. small intestine. E. large intestine. 9) The body is capable of catabolizing many substances as sources of energy. Which of the following would be used as an energy source only after the depletion of other sources? A. fat in adipose tissue B. glucose in the blood C. protein in muscle cells D. glycogen in muscle cells E. calcium phosphate in bone 10) Which blood components are involved in blood clotting? A. leukocytes and erythrocytes B. erythrocytes and potassium C. immunoglobulins and albumin D. fibrinogen and platelets E. platelets and leukocytes 11) Which statement is NOT true regarding the heart? A. blood flowing into the right atrium is oxygen deficient B. in diastole, the heart is relaxed C. every contraction cycles pumps about 1L of blood D. atria have thinner walls than the ventricles E. none of the above are false 12) The interstitial fluid of vertebrates A. is the internal environment within cells. B. bathes cells and provides for the exchange of nutrients and wastes. C. makes up the plasma of the blood. D. surrounds unicellular and flat, thin animals. E. is less abundant in ectotherms than in endotherms. 13) Dolphins, penguins, sharks, and seals all have a fusiform body shape. What is the best explanation for this similarity? A. This shape is an example of divergent evolution. B. They are all vertebrates and evolved from a common ancestor. C. The physical laws of hydrodynamics drove the natural selection for this shape. D. All aquatic animals have this shape, an example of convergent evolution. E. This shape is determined by the thermodynamics of maintaining body temperature in cold water. 14) The complete skeleton of a new type of dinosaur has just been discovered in Chile. How might scientists determine what sort of food this dinosaur probably ate? A. Test the bones for the presence of calcium. B. Sequence the dinosaur’s genome. C. Weigh the dinosaur’s leg bones. D. Examine the dinosaur’s dentition. E. Note whether the bones are found near or far from the ocean.15) Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart? A. amphibians B. birds C. fishes D. mammals E. reptiles 16) Blood in a human artery is on its way to pick up nutrients from the small intestine. From this artery, how many capillary beds must the blood pass through before it returns to the left ventricle of the heart? A. one B. two C. three D. four E. two or three, depending on the route it subsequently takes. 17) Which common event most closely resembles negative feedback? A. The chlorine level of a swimming pool decreases when the chlorinator is turned off. B. The flame size on a gas stove changes when the gas is turned off. C. There is a continual buildup of moisture in a basement with a dehumidifier running. D. There is a decrease in water pressure when the faucet is slowly turned off. E. The water shuts off when the float rises in the tank of a toilet. ANSWERS: 1D, 2D, 3C, 4B, 5B, 6A, 7B, 8D, 9C, 10D, 11C, 12B, 13C, 14D, 15C, 16C,
View Full Document
Unlocking...