Name:___________________________ Student ID #:_________________________ BILD 2 Final Exam (1000 POINTS TOTAL)Name:___________________________ Student ID #:_________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 10 points each. 1) The hepatic portal vein A. supplies oxygenated blood to the liver. B. drains the lacteals of the villi. C. supplies the capillaries of the intestines. D. carries absorbed nutrients to the liver for processing. E. carries blood from the liver to the heart. 2) What is the common functional significance of the extended number of cells making up such seemingly different human structures as the lining of the air sacs in the lungs and the wavy lining of the intestine? A. increased oxygen demand from their metabolic activity B. increased exchange surface provided by their membranes C. greater numbers of cell organelles contained within their cytoplasm D. greater protection due to increased cellular mass E. lowered basal metabolic rate due to cooperation between cells 3) Matrices of connective tissue include all of the following except A. chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. B. actin and myosin of muscle. C. plasma of blood. D. hydroxyapatite of bone. E. more than one of the above 4) Consider a husband and wife sharing a bed, with each one having an electric blanket. Their controls become switched. When the husband feels cold, he turns up the control. This warms up his spouse, who turns down her control. This chills the husband, who turns up his control even more. The process continues. For both the wife and the husband, this would be an example of A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. homeostasis. D. regulated change. E. integrated control. 5) All of the following are steroid hormones except A. androgen. B. cortisol. C. estrogen. D. glucagon. E. testosterone. 6) In the stomach, the macromolecule worked on by secreted enzymes is A. protein. B. carbohydrate. C. fat. D. nucleic acid. E. glucose. 7) Water from fluids secreted into the digestive tract is absorbed across the epithelium of the A. colon. B. stomach. C. esophagus. D. small intestine. E. large intestine.Name:___________________________ Student ID #:_________________________ 8) Which of the following statement(s) about bile salts is (are) true? Bile salts A. are enzymes. B. are manufactured by the pancreas. C. emulsify fats in the duodenum. D. increase the efficiency of pepsin action. E. are normally an ingredient of gastric juice. 9) Which of the following are the only vertebrates in which blood flows directly from respiratory organs to body tissues without first returning to the heart? A. amphibians B. birds C. fishes D. mammals E. reptiles 10) A synaptic terminal needs to actively pump out the following ions? i. Na+ ii. K+ iii. Ca2+ iv. acetylcholine A. i. and iii. B. iv. only C. ii. and iii. D. i. and iv. E. i., ii., and iii. 11) Which of the following is not a function of plasma proteins in humans? A. maintenance of blood osmotic pressure B. transport of water-insoluble lipids C. glucose transport D. blood clotting E. immune responses 12) Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because A. the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. B. pressure in the alveoli increases. C. gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. D. pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E. a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 13) Which one of these statements about lungs is false? A. Gas exchange takes place across moist membranes. B. The gases move across the exchange membranes by diffusion. C. The total exchange surface area is relatively large. D. The lining of the alveoli is only one cell thick. E. The concentration of CO2 is higher in the air than in the alveolar capillaries. 14) In the blood, most of the carbon dioxide released from body tissues is carried to the lungs A. as bicarbonate ions. B. combined with hemoglobin. C. by the trachea. D. by water. E. dissolved in blood plasma.Name:___________________________ Student ID #:_________________________ 15) Channels that pass the major ion current during the initial, rising phase of an action potential have which of the following properties? i. pass K+, but not Na+ ions ii. pass Na+, but not K+ ions iii. open in response to the neuron membrane potential becoming more positive than a threshold value iv. close after the membrane potential drops to a negative value v. are refractory to further stimulation after their inactivation gate closes (for a few msec) vi. do not open immediately upon stimulation, but open after a delay of a few msec A. i., iii and v. only B. ii, iii, iv and vi only C. ii, iii, and v only D. ii, iv, and vi only E. i, v and vi only 16) Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect? A. It functions as an endocrine gland. B. It is part of the central nervous system. C. It is subject to feedback inhibition by certain hormones. D. It secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the uterus. E. Its neurosecretory cells terminate in the posterior pituitary. 17) The primary reason steroid hormones usually act slowly is that A. target cells tend to ignore steroid hormones in favor of nonsteroid hormones. B. they turn genes on or off and it takes time for gene products to build up or become depleted. C. they are produced at very low concentrations. D. they are too large to enter a cell and therefore must first bind to a plasma membrane receptor before having an effect on a cell. E. acting via a signal transduction pathway makes for slower responses than does directly interacting with a cell's DNA. 18) The main target organs for tropic hormones are A. muscles. B. blood vessels. C. endocrine glands. D. kidneys. E. nerves. 19) The drug Prozac is used to treat depression. It works by A. blocking reuptake of serotonin. B. preventing the death of dopamine-producing neurons. C. increasing the synthesis of endorphins. D. increasing the rate of action potential firings. E. stimulating neurotransmitter release. 20) Which of the
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