BILD 2: Multicellular LifeLECTURE #16Website: http://www.biology.ucsd.edu/classes/bild2.WI11.1Instructor: Darwin K. Berg ([email protected])ANNOUNCEMENTS:1) Second midterm: Wed, Feb 16. Material: up through lecture #17(i.e. Monday’s lecture on Feb 14).2) Exam room: WLH 2001.3) Review Session: Tues, Feb 15, 6-9 pm in Pacific Hall 3500. Building Access Code for the review: 701181(Note: Exam room & time for those with special accommodations:3502 Pacific Hall, 10-11:30 am Wed, Feb, 16)Fig. 44-9:NitrogenousWastesMany reptiles(including birds),insects, land snailsAmmonia Uric acidUreaMost aquaticanimals, includingmost bony fishesMammals, mostamphibians, sharks,some bony fishesNitrogenous basesAmino acidsProteinsNucleic acidsAmino groupsFig. 44-4: Osmoregulation in Marine and Freshwater Bony FishesExcretionof salt ionsfrom gillsGain of water andsalt ions from foodOsmotic waterloss through gillsand other partsof body surfaceUptake of water andsome ions in foodUptakeof salt ionsby gillsOsmotic watergain through gillsand other partsof body surfaceExcretion of largeamounts of water indilute urine from kidneysExcretion of salt ions andsmall amounts of water inscanty urine from kidneysGain of waterand salt ions fromdrinking seawater(a) Osmoregulation in a saltwater fish (b) Osmoregulation in a freshwater fishFig. 44-10:Key Functions ofExcretory Systems:An OverviewCapillaryExcretionSecretionReabsorptionExcretorytubuleFiltrationFiltrateUrinePosteriorvena cavaRenal arteryand veinUrinarybladderUreterAortaUrethra(a) Excretory organs and major associated blood vessels(b) Kidney structureSection of kidneyfrom a rat4 mmKidneyUreterRenalmedullaRenalcortexRenalpelvisFig. 44-14a,b: The Mammalian Excretory SystemCorticalnephronJuxtamedullarynephronCollectingduct(c) Nephron typesTorenalpelvisRenalmedullaRenalcortex10 mAfferent arteriolefrom renal arteryEfferentarteriole fromglomerulusSEMBranch ofrenal veinDescendinglimbAscendinglimbLoop ofHenle(d) Filtrate and blood flowVasarectaCollectingductDistaltubulePeritubular capillariesProximal tubuleBowman’s capsuleGlomerulusFig. 44-14c,d: The Mammalian Excretory
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