Fig. 46-18EstradiolOxytocinfromovariesInduces oxytocinreceptors on uterusfrom fetusand mother’sposterior pituitaryStimulates uterusto contractStimulatesplacenta to makeProstaglandinsStimulate morecontractionsof uterusPositive feedback++Fig. 48-2Nerveswith giant axonsGangliaMantleEyeBrainArmNerveFig. 48-3SensorSensory inputIntegrationEffectorMotor outputPeripheral nervoussystem (PNS)Central nervoussystem (CNS)Fig. 48-4DendritesStimulusNucleusCellbodyAxonhillockPresynapticcellAxonSynaptic terminalsSynapsePostsynaptic cellNeurotransmitterFig. 48-5aDendritesAxonCellbodySensory neuronFig. 48-5bInterneuronsPortion of axonCell bodies ofoverlapping neurons80 µmFig. 48-5cCell bodies ofoverlapping neurons80 µmFig. 48-5dMotor neuronFig. 49-2(e) Insect (arthropod)SegmentalgangliaVentralnerve cordBrain(a) Hydra (cnidarian)Nerve netNerveringRadialnerve(b) Sea star (echinoderm)Anteriornerve ringLongitudinalnerve cords(f) Chiton (mollusc) (g) Squid (mollusc)GangliaBrainGanglia(c) Planarian (flatworm)NervecordsTransversenerveBrainEyespotBrain(d) Leech (annelid)SegmentalgangliaVentralnervecordBrainSpinalcord(dorsalnervecord)Sensoryganglia(h) Salamander (vertebrate)Fig. 49-3WhitematterCell body ofsensory neuron indorsal rootganglionSpinal cord(cross section)GraymatterHamstringmuscleQuadricepsmuscleSensory neuronMotor neuronInterneuronFig. 49-4Peripheral nervoussystem (PNS)CranialnervesBrainCentral nervoussystem (CNS)GangliaoutsideCNSSpinalnervesSpinal cordFig. 49-5WhitematterVentriclesGray matterFig. 49-6aOligodendrocyteMicroglialcellSchwann cellsEpendy-malcellNeuronAstrocyteCNS PNSCapillary(a) Glia in vertebratesVENTRICLEFig. 49-6b(b) Astrocytes (LM)50
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