Name:_______________________ Student ID#:_____________________ BILD 2 Final Exam (1000 points total)Name:_______________________ Student ID#:_____________________ PART 1. MULTIPLE CHOICE – 50 QUESTIONS. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. (10 points each) 1) Which of the following is NOT descriptive of endotherms? A. efficient circulatory and gas exchange systems B. ability to sustain vigorous activity C. high metabolic rate and retained metabolic heat D. ability to deal with terrestrial temperature fluctuations E. energetically efficient and relatively inexpensive 2) The least reliable indicator of an animal's metabolic rate would be the amount of A. ATP produced within its cells. B. water it drinks. C. oxygen it inspires. D. carbon dioxide it expires. E. heat it generates. 3) Consider a husband and wife sharing a bed, with each one having an electric blanket. Their controls become switched. When the husband feels cold, he turns up the control. This warms up his spouse, who turns down her control. This chills the husband, who turns up his control even more. The process continues. For both the wife and the husband, this would be an example of A. negative feedback. B. positive feedback. C. homeostasis. D. regulated change. E. integrated control. 4) Consider the energy budgets for a human, an elephant, a penguin, a mouse, and a python. The ________ would have the highest total annual energy expenditure, and the ________ would have the highest energy expenditure per unit mass. A. elephant; mouse B. elephant; human C. human; penguin D. mouse; python E. penguin; mouse 5) All of the following are steroid hormones except A. androgen. B. cortisol. C. insulin. D. estrogen. E. testosterone. 6) After ingestion, the first type of macromolecule to be worked on by enzymes in the human digestive system is A. protein. B. carbohydrate. C. fat. D. nucleic acid. E. glucose. 7) Which of the following statement(s) about bile salts is (are) true? Bile salts A. are enzymes. B. are manufactured by the pancreas. C. emulsify fats in the duodenum. D. increase the efficiency of pepsin action. E. are normally an ingredient of gastric juice.Name:_______________________ Student ID#:_____________________ 8) In a human, the aorta directly attaches to A. the top of the right atrium. B. the top of the right ventricle. C. the bottom of the left ventricle. D. the top of the left ventricle. E. the bottom of the right atrium. 9) A human red blood cell in an artery of the left arm is on its way to deliver oxygen to a cell in the thumb. From this point in the artery, how many capillary beds must this red blood cell pass through before it returns to the left ventricle of the heart? A. one B. two C. three D. one or two, depending on the route it subsequently takes. E. two or three, depending on the route it subsequently takes. 10) A synaptic terminal needs to actively pump out (to the extracellular space) the following ions? i. Na+ ii. K+ iii. Ca2+ iv. endorphins A. i. and iii. B. iii. only C. ii. and iii. D. i. and iv. E. i., ii., and iii. 11) Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because A. the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. B. pressure in the alveoli increases. C. gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. D. pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E. a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 12) Which one of these statements about lungs is false? A. Gas exchange takes place across moist membranes. B. The gases move across the exchange membranes by diffusion. C. The lining of the alveoli is only one cell thick. D. The concentration of O2 is higher in the alveolar capillaries than in the air. E. The total exchange surface area is relatively large. 13) In the blood, most of the oxygen that will be used in cellular respiration is carried from the lungs to the body tissues A. as bicarbonate ions. B. combined with hemoglobin. C. by the trachea. D. combined with plasma proteins. E. dissolved in blood plasma. 14) A cell that contains proteins enabling a hormone to selectively bind to its plasma membrane is called a(n) A. secretory cell. B. plasma cell. C. endocrine cell. D. target cell. E. regulatory cell.Name:_______________________ Student ID#:_____________________ 15) Channels that pass the major ion current during the initial, rising phase of an action potential have which of the following properties? i. pass K+, but not Na+ ions ii. pass Na+, but not K+ ions iii. open in response to the neuron membrane potential becoming more positive than a threshold value iv. close after the membrane potential drops to a negative value v. are refractory to further stimulation after their inactivation gate closes (for a few msec) vi. do not open immediately upon stimulation, but open after a delay of a few msec A. i., iii and v. only B. ii, iii, iv and vi only C. ii, iii, and v only D. ii, iv, and vi only E. i, v and vi only 16) Hormone X produces its effect in its target cells via the cAMP second messenger system. Which of the following will produce the greatest effect in the cell? A. a molecule of hormone X applied to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell B. a molecule of hormone X injected into the cytoplasm of the cell C. a molecule of cAMP applied to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell D. a molecule of cAMP injected into the cytoplasm of the cell E. a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase injected into the cytoplasm of the cell 17) Which of the following statements about the hypothalamus is incorrect? A. It functions as an endocrine gland. B. It is part of the central nervous system. C. It is subject to feedback inhibition by certain hormones. D. It secretes tropic hormones that act directly on the uterus. E. Its neurosecretory cells terminate in the posterior pituitary. 18) Blood samples taken from an individual who had been fasting (not eating) for 24 hours would have which of the
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