BILD 2 Midterm 1MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1) Which of the following are more descriptive of endotherms than ectotherms? i. ability to sustain vigorous activity ii. energetically efficient and relatively inexpensive iii. high metabolic rate and retained metabolic heat iv. ability to maintain activity in low temperatures v. body temperature varying with surroundings A. i, ii and iii B. i, iii and v C. i, iii, and iv D. ii, iv and v E. ii, iii and iv 2) The hepatic portal vein A. supplies oxygenated blood to the liver. B. drains the sinuses of the liver. C. carries absorbed nutrients to the small intestine for processing. D. carries blood from small intestine capillaries to liver capillary beds. E. carries blood from the liver to the heart. 3) Which one of these is a matrix surrounding connective tissue cells? A. villi in the small intestine. B. actin and myosin of muscle. C. leukocytes in blood. D. osteoblasts of the bone. E. chondroitin sulfate of cartilage. 4) Which common event most closely resembles negative feedback? A. You becoming sleepy listening to Dr. Towb lecture. B. You becoming cold, and putting on clothing until you are comfortable. C. You becoming hungry around lunchtime. D. The squeal of noise when a microphone gets to close to a loudspeaker. E. Seeing that the gas gauge is almost empty after an afternoon of driving. 5) Consider the energy budgets for a human, a goat, a penguin, a mouse, and a python. The ________ would have the highest energy usage per year and the ________ would have to spend the least amount of time per year eating. A. mouse; python B. goat; human C. human; python D. python; human E. human; penguin 6) The body is capable of catabolizing many substances as sources of energy. Which of the following would be used first as an energy source? A. fat in adipose tissue B. glucose in the blood C. protein in muscle cells D. glycogen in muscle cells E. cellulose in your small intestine7) Carbohydrates are broken down during digestion, and their breakdown products are then absorbed across the epithelium of the A. small intestine. B. large intestine. C. mouth. D. stomach. E. colon. 8) Which blood vessel(s) have the highest pO2? A. carotid arteries B. coronary arteries C. pulmonary veins D. pulmonary arteries E. hepatic portal vein 9) In a human, the vena cavae (plural) empty into A. the lung capillary system. B. the right atrium. C. the left ventricle. D. the left atrium. E. the ventricular space. 10) Which organ(s) does not receive oxygenated blood from an offshoot of the aorta? A. brain B. kidneys C. placenta D. small intestine E. none of the above 11) Blood in a human artery is on its way to deliver oxygen and nutrients to cells in an arm muscle. From this artery, how many capillary beds must the blood pass through before it returns to the left ventricle of the heart? A. one B. two C. three D. four E. two or three, depending on the route it subsequently takes. 12) What is the reason that fluid returns to the circulation at the venous end of a capillary bed, even though fluid had been forced out of systemic capillaries at the arteriole end? A. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than that of the blood. B. The hydrostatic pressure of the blood is less than that of the interstitial fluid. C. The hydrostatic pressure of the blood is greater than the osmotic pressure of the blood. D. The osmotic pressure of the interstitial fluid is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the blood. E. The osmotic pressure of the blood is greater than the hydrostatic pressure of the interstitial fluid. 13) Which of the following is a major function of plasma proteins in humans? A. breakdown of nutrients B. transport of leukocytes C. blood clotting D. amino acid storage E. oxygen transport14) Air rushes into the lungs of humans during inhalation because A. the rib muscles and diaphragm contract, increasing the lung volume. B. pressure in the alveoli increases. C. gas flows from a region of lower pressure to a region of higher pressure. D. pulmonary muscles contract and pull on the outer surface of the lungs. E. a positive respiratory pressure is created when the diaphragm relaxes. 15) Why is the respiratory system of a bird more efficient than the human respiratory system? A. The bird respiratory system does not mix exhaled air with inhaled air. B. A bird lung contains multiple alveoli, which increases the amount of surface area available for gas exchange. C. The human respiratory system ends in small parabronchi, which reduce the amount of surface area available for gas exchange. D. Only B and C are correct. E. A, B, and C are correct. 16) Which one of these statements about lungs is true? A. Gas exchange is achieved through ATP hydrolysis and active transport. B. The gases move across the exchange membranes by diffusion. C. The total exchange surface area is small. D. The lining of the alveoli is several cells thick. E. The concentration of CO2 is higher in the air than in the alveolar capillaries. 17) Much to my dismay, after 28 years the Weekly World News (The World’s Only Reliable Newspaper) is going out of business. Which is your favorite WWN headline? A. “Goldfish attacks honeymoon couple.” B. “Killer babies are on the loose!” C. “Mummy gives birth to twins.” D. “Hillary Clinton caught in affair with alien.” E. “Bat boy escapes from Alcatraz.” 18) Why are cattle able to survive on a diet consisting almost entirely of plant material? A. They are autotrophic. B. Cattle, like the rabbit, reingests its feces. C. They manufacture all 15 amino acids out of sugars in the liver. D. Cattle saliva has enzymes capable of digesting cellulose. E. They have cellulose-digesting, symbiotic microorganisms in chambers of their stomachs. 19) If you were to jog a mile a few hours after lunch, which stored fuel would you probably tap? A. muscle proteins B. muscle and liver glycogen C. fat stored in the liver D. fats stored in adipose tissue E. blood proteins 20) Which class of nutrient does not contain carbon? A. lipids B. vitamins C. minerals D. B and C E. they all contain carbon
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