BILD 2 Homework #2 11/10/08 1) What are some of the innate defenses that protect our body from invading microorganisms? 2) What activities of our innate defenses help to trigger an acquired immune reaction? 3) How do vaccinations work to protect us against pathogens?4) How are B-cell receptors and T-cell receptors generated? 5) What does an MHC molecule (protein) do? What types of pathogens do MHC proteins help to protect us against? 6A) What problems with osmoregulation does a freshwater fish have? How does it cope with these problems?6B) What problems with osmoregulation does a saltwater fish have? How does it cope with these problems? 7) What are the three main forms in which nitrogenous wastes are excreted by animals? What are the adaptive advantages and disadvantages of each? 8) What are the major components of the filtrate produced from the glomerulus (in a mammalian kidney)? What happens to these components as the filtrate moves through the different regions of the nephron?9) How do cells respond to water soluble hormones? How does this differ from the ways in which cells respond to lipid-soluble (e.g. steroid) hormones? 10) Explain, in some detail, how the hormones insulin and glucagon act to regulate blood sugar levels?11) What are the major endocrine glands in the human body, and what does each
View Full Document