Parenchyma cells in Elodea leaf, with chloroplasts (LM) 60 µm Fig. 35-10: Examples of Differentiated Plant CellsFig. 35-10b Collenchyma cells (in Helianthus stem) (LM) 5 µmFig. 35-10c 5 µm 25 µm Sclereid cells in pear (LM) Fiber cells (cross section from ash tree) (LM) Cell wallFig. 35-10d Perforation plate Vessel element Vessel elements, with perforated end walls Tracheids Pits Tracheids and vessels (colorized SEM) Vessel Tracheids 100 µmFig. 35-10e Sieve-tube element (left) and companion cell: cross section (TEM) 3 µm Sieve-tube elements: longitudinal view (LM) Sieve plate Companion cells Sieve-tube elements Plasmodesma Sieve plate Nucleus of companion cells Sieve-tube elements: longitudinal view Sieve plate with pores (SEM) 10 µm 30 µmDermal tissue Ground tissue Vascular tissue Fig. 35-8: The Three Tissue SystemsFig. 35-11: An Overview of Primary and Secondary Growth Shoot tip (shoot apical meristem and young leaves) Lateral meristems: Axillary bud meristem Vascular cambium Cork cambium Root apical meristems Primary growth in stems Epidermis Cortex Primary phloem Primary xylem Pith Secondary growth in stems Periderm Cork cambium Cortex Primary phloem Secondary phloem Pith Primary xylem Secondary xylem Vascular cambiumFig. 35-19a: Primary and Secondary Growth of a Stem Epidermis Cortex Primary phloem Vascular cambium Primary xylem Pith Primary and secondary growth in a two-year-old stem (a) Periderm (mainly cork cambia and cork) Secondary phloem Secondary xylem Epidermis Cortex Primary phloem Vascular cambium Primary xylem Pith Vascular ray Secondary xylem Secondary phloem First cork cambium Cork Growth Cork Bark Most recent cork cambium Layers of peridermFig. 35-20: Secondary Growth Produced by the Vascular Cambium Vascular cambium Growth Secondary xylem After one year of growth After two years of growth Secondary phloem Vascular cambium X X X X X X P P P P C C C C C C C C C CFig. 37-9: The Role of Soil Bacteria in the Nitrogen Nutrition of PlantsFig. 37-11: Development of a Soybean Root
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