Fig. 43-7AdenoidTonsilLymphnodesSpleenPeyer’s patches(small intestine)AppendixLymphaticvesselsLymphnodeMasses ofdefensive cellsBloodcapillaryLymphaticvesselTissuecellsInterstitial fluidFig. 43-8-1Pathogen SplinterMacrophageMast cellChemicalsignalsCapillaryPhagocytic cellRed blood cellsFig. 43-8-2Pathogen SplinterMacrophageMast cellChemicalsignalsCapillaryPhagocytic cellRed blood cellsFluidFig. 43-8-3Pathogen SplinterMacrophageMast cellChemicalsignalsCapillaryPhagocytic cellRed blood cellsFluidPhagocytosisVaccination cartoon (1802)LE 43-7Antigen-bindingsitesEpitopes(antigenicdeterminants)Antibody AAntibody BAntibody CAntigenLE 43-19Viral neutralization(blocks binding to hostand opsonization increasesphagocytosis)Agglutination ofantigen-bearing particles,such as microbesPrecipitation ofsoluble antigensActivation of complement systemand pore formationBinding of antibodies to antigensinactivates antigens byBacteriaSolubleantigensMACComplement proteinsForeign cellPoreVirusBacteriumEnhancesPhagocytosisMacrophageCell lysisLeads toLE 43-20IgEAllergenGranuleMast cellHistamineLE 43-8Antigen-bindingsiteDisulfidebridgeLightchainVVCCCCVVAntigen-binding siteVariable regionsConstant regionsTransmembraneregionAntigen-binding siteCVCVPlasmamembraneT cellβ chainα chainDisulfide bridgeCytoplasm of T cellA T cell receptor consists of one αchain and one β chain linked by adisulfide bridge.A B cell receptor consists of two identical heavychains and two identical light chains linked byseveral disulfide bridges.Heavy chainsCytoplasm of B cellB cellLE 43-11DNA ofundifferentiatedB cellDNA of differentiatedB cellpre-mRNAmRNA CapLight-chain polypeptideVariableregionConstantregionB cellB cell receptorTranslationPoly (A)RNA processing (removal of intron;addition of cap and poly (A) tail)Transcription of resulting permanentlyrearranged, functional geneFunctional geneDeletion of DNA between a V segmentand J segment and joining of the segmentsV4–V39V1V2V3V40V1V2V3J5CIntronJ5IntronCJ4J3J2J1V3J5IntronCV3J5CVCLE 43-12B cells thatdiffer inantigenspecificityAntigen moleculesAntigen receptorAntibody moleculesClone of memory cellsClone of plasma
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