Oleic acid (C18:1; part of phospholipids)Structures of common lipids Phospholipid Arachidonic acid (C20:4; part of phospholipids)(Signaling molecule)Galacto-cerebroside (a sphingolipid)PlasmalogenStructures of fat soluble vitamins Vitamin E (α-tocopherol)Vitamin E (αtocopherol)Vitamin A (retinol) Vitamin D3 (cholecalciferol)()Vit i K ( h ll i )Vitamin K (phylloquinone)Fatty acid nomenclatureOleic acid C18:1Palmitoleic acidPalmitoleic acidC16:1 Δ9 (cis)(Z)-9-hexadecenoic acidLinoleic acidC18:2 Δ9,12 (cis),()(9Z,12Z)-Octadecadienoic acidω6 fatty acidFree fatty acids A triacylglycerol (fat or oil)1-palmitoleoyl-2linoleoyl2-linoleoyl-3-stearoyl-glyceryolVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdRelease and transport of free fatty acids from triacylglycerols Figure 25-7 X-Ray structure of human serum albumin in complex with 7 molecules of palmitic acid.pVoet Biochemistry 3rded.Fatty acid import into mitochondrial matrixFig. 20.11fAcylation of carnitine catalyzed by carnitine palmitoyltransferase.Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdFatty acid degradation in mitochondrion1. β-oxidation of a fatty acids2Krebs cycle2.Krebs cycle3. Oxidative phosphorylationCh17, Cox, Lehningerβ-oxidation of a fatty acidsElectron transport chainKrebs cycle (NADH FADH2)Krebs cycle (NADH, FADH2)Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 20.12Ch17, Cox, Lehningerβ-oxidation of unsaturated fatty acidsVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 20.15Fig. 20.15Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdβ-oxidation of odd numbered fatty acidsC3CifilCAtConversion of propionyl-CoA to succinyl-CoA. The resulting propionyl-CoA (C3 it) f th l t l iunit) of the last cycle is carboxylated to a C4 intermediated that can be funneled into the Krebs cycleC4Rearrangement reaction Krebs cycle and Keton bodiesVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 20.16Ketone bodiesPage 698Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdKetogenesis in liverKetogenesis in liver mitochondriaVoet, Fundamentals, 2nd Fig. 20.21The metabolic conversion of ketoneThe metabolic conversion of ketone bodies to acetyl-CoA. Regeneration of acetyl-CoA from keton bodies in target tissue likeheartandbodies in target tissue like heartand neuronsVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig.
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