Degradation of amino acids to one of seven common metabolic intermediates.Ketogenic amino acidsGlucogenic amino acidsNote that many amino acids are bth l iVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdboth glucogenic and ketogenic.Fig. 21.13Phenylalanine degradation in humans(not in bacteria)Tyrosine degradation in bacteria via tyrosine-phenol-lyase to:(not in bacteria)Phe to phenylacetate bt ito:¾Phenol¾Pyruvate¾NHby transaminase; from there in many steps to acetyl-CoA¾NH3Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.24Phenylalanine hydroxylase reactionhydroxylase reaction mechanismVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 24.26Pterins are redox cofactors similar to flavins in hd lti dbt f tihydroxylation and one-carbon transfer reactionsVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.25Amino acid biosynthesisVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. Structure of shikimate Fig. Structure of chorismate Fig. Structure of prephenateSynthesis of aromatic amino acids: phase ITrp Phe/TyrVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.34Synthesis of aromaticSynthesis of aromatic amino acids: phase IIVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.34Synthesis of aromatic amino acids: phase IIIa o ac ds p aseR l ti f th i b ti f d b k i hibitiRegulation of synthesis by negative feed back inhibitionLehninger, ch01R l ti f th i b ti f d b k i hibitiRegulation of synthesis by negative feed back inhibitionFig. Sequential feedback controlRegulation of synthesis by negative feed back inhibitionActivated methyl cycleFig. Structure of betaine (glycine betaine) Fig. Structure of L-homocysteineRe-synthesis of methionine from tetrahydrofolateVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.18Cysteine formation from methionineVoet, Fundamentals, 3rd(see fatty acid degradion) Fig. 21.18Tetrahydrofolate (THF) as a one-carbon donorTHF is obtained from dietary folic acidOn page 754Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.19Tetrahydrofolate (THF) as a one-carbon donorVoet, Fundamentals, 3rdFigure 26-50 The biosynthetic fates of the C1 units in the THF pool.Voet, Biochemistry, 3rd. ed.Interconversion of te co e s o othe C1 units carried by THF.Voet, Fundamentals, 3rdFig. 21.20The role of serine in one-carbon metabolismNelson, Cox; Principles in Biochemistry, 3rd.
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