40 60 80 100 120406080mm1. IntroductionJ. A. AbrahamDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at AustinEE 382M.7 – VLSI IFall 2011August 24, 2011ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 1 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmGoals of This CourseLearn the principles of VLSI designLearn to design and implement state-of-the-art digital VeryLarge Scale Integrated (VLSI) chips using CMOS technologyUnderstand the complete design flowBe able to design state-of-the-art CMOS chips in industryEmploy hierarchical design methodsUse integrated circuit cells as building blocksUnderstand design issues at the layout, transistor, logic andregister-transfer levelsUse commercial design software in the labECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 1 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmCourse InformationInstructorJacob A. [email protected]://www.cerc.utexas.edu/˜jaa/More on the courseCourse Web Page: http://www.cerc.utexas.edu/˜jaa/vlsi/Prerequisites: logic design, basic computer organizationTextbook: Weste and Harris, CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuitsand Systems Perspective, Addison Wesley/Pearson, 4thEdition, 2010Lectures and discussion in class will cover basics of courseHomework, Laboratory exercises will help you gain a deepunderstanding of the subjectECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 2 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmExample System-on-a-Chip (SoC)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 3 / 38Source: TI40 60 80 100 120406080mmSystem TrendsiPhone boardYesterday’s science fiction (the“Tricorder” from Star Trek),tomorrow’s medical diagnosticdeviceECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 4 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmA Brief History of the TransistorSome of the events which led to the microprocessorPhotographs in the following are from “State of the Art: Aphotographic history of the integrated circuit,” Stan Augarten,Ticknor & Fields, 1983.They can also be viewed on the Smithsonian web site,http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 5 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmEarly Ideas Leading to the TransistorJ. W. Lilienfelds patents1930: “Method and apparatusfor controlling electriccurrents,” U.S. Patent1,745,1751933: “Device for controllingelectric current,” U. S. Patent1,900,018ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 6 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmKey Developments at Bell Labs1940: Ohl develops the PN Junction1945: Shockley’s laboratory established1947: Bardeen and Brattain create point contact transistor(U.S. Patent 2,524,035)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 7 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmDevelopments at Bell Labs, Contd1951: Shockley develops a junction transistor manufacturablein quantity (U.S. Patent 2,623,105)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 8 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mm1950s Silicon Valley1950s: Shockley in Silicon Valley1955: Noyce joins Shockley Laboratories1954: The first transistor radio1957: Noyce leaves Shockley Labs to form Fairchild with JeanHoerni and Gordon Moore1958: Hoerni invents technique for diffusing impurities into Sito build planar transistors using a SiO2insulator1959: Noyce develops first true IC using planar transistors,back-to-back PN junctions for isolation, diode-isolated Siresistors and SiO2insulation with evaporated metal wiring ontopECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 9 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmThe Integrated Circuit (IC)1958: Jack Kilby, working at TI, dreams up the idea of amonolithic “integrated circuit” (IC)Components connected by hand-soldered wires and isolated byshaping, PN-diodes used as resistors (U.S. Patent 3,138,743)1959: Robert Noyce, at Fairchild, independently develops theIC, solving many practical problems2000: Kilby receives Nobel Prize in Physics (Noyce was nolonger alive)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 10 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmICs, Cont’d1961: TI and Fairchild introduce the first logic ICs ($50 inquantity)1962: RCA develops the first MOS transistorFairchild Bipolar RTL Flop-Flop RCA 16-transistor MOSFET ICECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 11 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmComputer-Aided Design (CAD)1967: Fairchild develops the Micromosaic IC using CADFinal Al layer of interconnect could be customized for differentapplication1968: Noyce, Moore leave Fairchild, start IntelECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 12 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmStatic and Dynamic Random Access Memories (RAMs)1970: Fairchild introduces the 4100, 256-bit Static RandomAccess Memory (SRAM)1970: Intel starts selling a1K-bit Dynamic RAM (DRAM), the1103Fairchild 4100 256-bit SRAM Intel 1103 1K-bit DRAMECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 13 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmThe Microprocessor!1971: Intel introduces the first microprocessor, the 4004(originally designed as a special circuit for a customer)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 14 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmMOS Technology TrendsECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August 24, 2011 15 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmVLSI Design – The Big PictureWhat do you do with a billion transistors?Important to identify potential applicationsDesigning systems for a particular application:Identify sub-functionsDesign system using a variety of powerful Computer-AidedDesign (CAD) toolsUse a process relevant to industryCourse developed with industry leaders in AustinThink of potential newapplicationsImproving quality of lifeHealthEducationEntertainmentCommunication revolutionECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, August