Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 140 60 80 100 120406080mm1. IntroductionJ. A. AbrahamDepartment of Electrical and Computer EngineeringThe University of Texas at AustinEE 382M-ICS – VLSI ISpring 2012January 13-14, 2012ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 1 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmGoals of This CourseLearn the principles of VLSI designLearn to design and implement state-of-the-art digital VeryLarge Scale Integrated (VLSI) chips using CMOS technologyUnderstand the complete design flowBe able to design state-of-the-art CMOS chips in industryEmploy hierarchical design methodsUse integrated circuit cells as building blocksUnderstand design issues at the layout, transistor, logic andregister-transfer levelsUse commercial design software in the labECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 1 / 38Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 240 60 80 100 120406080mmCourse InformationInstructorJacob A. [email protected]://www.cerc.utexas.edu/˜jaa/More on the courseCourse Web Page: http://www.cerc.utexas.edu/˜jaa/vlsi/Prerequisites: logic design, basic computer organizationTextbook: Weste and Harris, CMOS VLSI Design: A Circuitsand Systems Perspective, Addison Wesley/Pearson, 4thEdition, 2010Lectures and discussion in class will cover basics of courseHomework, Laboratory exercises will help you gain a deepunderstanding of the subjectECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 2 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmExample System-on-a-Chip (SoC)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 3 / 38Source:TIDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 340 60 80 100 120406080mmSystem TrendsiPhone boardYesterday’s science fiction (the“Tricorder” from Star Trek),tomorrow’s medical diagnosticdeviceECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 4 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmA Brief History of the TransistorSome of the events which led to the microprocessorPhotographs in the following are from “State of the Art: Aphotographic history of the integrated circuit,” Stan Augarten,Ticknor & Fields, 1983.They can also be viewed on the Smithsonian web site,http://smithsonianchips.si.edu/ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 5 / 38Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 440 60 80 100 120406080mmEarly Ideas Leading to the TransistorJ. W. Lilienfelds patents1930: “Method and apparatusfor controlling electriccurrents,” U.S. Patent1,745,1751933: “Device for controllingelectric current,” U. S. Patent1,900,018ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 6 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmKey Developments at Bell Labs1940: Ohl develops the PN Junction1945: Shockley’s laboratory established1947: Bardeen and Brattain create point contact transistor(U.S. Patent 2,524,035)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 7 / 38Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 540 60 80 100 120406080mmDevelopments at Bell Labs, Contd1951: Shockley develops a junction transistor manufacturablein quantity (U.S. Patent 2,623,105)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 8 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mm1950s Silicon Valley1950s: Shockley in Silicon Valley1955: Noyce joins Shockley Laboratories1954: The first transistor radio1957: Noyce leaves Shockley Labs to form Fairchild with JeanHoerni and Gordon Moore1958: Hoerni invents technique for diffusing impurities into Sito build planar transistors using a SiO2insulator1959: Noyce develops first true IC using planar transistors,back-to-back PN junctions for isolation, diode-isolated Siresistors and SiO2insulation with evaporated metal wiring ontopECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 9 / 38Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 640 60 80 100 120406080mmThe Integrated Circuit (IC)1958: Jack Kilby, working at TI, dreams up the idea of amonolithic “integrated circuit” (IC)Components connected by hand-soldered wires and isolated byshaping, PN-diodes used as resistors (U.S. Patent 3,138,743)1959: Robert Noyce, at Fairchild, independently develops theIC, solving many practical problems2000: Kilby receives Nobel Prize in Physics (Noyce was nolonger alive)ECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 10 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmICs, Cont’d1961: TI and Fairchild introduce the first logic ICs ($50 inquantity)1962: RCA develops the first MOS transistorFairchild Bipolar RTL Flop-Flop RCA 16-transistor MOSFET ICECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 11 / 38Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at AustinJ. A. Abraham, January 13-14Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI I–ICS, Spring 20121. Introduction 740 60 80 100 120406080mmComputer-Aided Design (CAD)1967: Fairchild develops the Micromosaic IC using CADFinal Al layer of interconnect could be customized for differentapplication1968: Noyce, Moore leave Fairchild, start IntelECE Department, University of Texas at Austin Lecture 1. Introduction J. A. Abraham, January 13-14, 2012 12 / 3840 60 80 100 120406080mmStatic and Dynamic Random Access Memories (RAMs)1970: Fairchild introduces the 4100, 256-bit Static