Expansion of Roman Territory during the Punic WarsExpansion of the Roman Republic during the Second Century Punic War Additions: Sicily – after First War (241 BC) Sardinia and Corsica – Second War (201 BC) Spain and Carthage – after the Third War (146 BC) Further Expansion: 146 BC -- Corinth and Greek Interests 133 BC -- gift of the Attalid Kingdom (Asia Minor) 121 BC -- Gaul north of the AlpsFactional Politics and The End of the Republic optimates (haves) and populares (have-nots) Gracchi Brothers: Tiberius (133BCE) and Gaius (123 BCE) – land redistribution in favor of the poor and soldiers Gaius Marius (157-86 BCE), a general, a “new man,” popular among populares Sulla (138-78 BCE), a general, an optimate = Rise of Client Armies – loyal to commanders over the RepublicCivil War and the end of the Republic The First Triumvirate (60 BCE): Pompey (106-48 BCE) – Military leader Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE) – old Roman family (Julii) Crassus – man of wealth; real estate developer 59 BCE Julia m. Pompey: 54 BCE Julia dies in childbirth 49 BCE: Julius Caesar crosses the Rubicon and marches on Rome Same year -- Julius Caesar defeats Pompey; becomes dictator 44 BCE: Senators led by Marcus Junius Brutus assassinate Caesar (15 March = Ides of March)Coin Portrait of Julius Caesar (45-44 BCE)Ides of March Coin Celebrating the Murder of Julius Caesar (minted 44-42 BCE)The End the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire Second Triumvirate (44-31 BCE) Octavian = Caesar’s nephew and adopted heir Lepidus = commander with an army at his disposal Mark Anthony = heir to Caesar’s forces; lover of Cleopatra VII Battle of Actium (31 BCE) – Octavian defeats Mark Anthony “Restoration” of the Republic by Octavian Augustus the “Princeps” (31 BCE-14 AD) 27 BCE = Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus = PrincepsThe Expansion of the Roman Empire to A.D. 117.Coin Showing Augustus Helping the Fallen Res Publica to Her Feet (Rome, 12 BCE)The End the Roman Republic and the Rise of the Empire Second Triumvirate (44-31 BCE) Octavian = Caesar’s nephew and adopted heir Lepidus = commander with an army at his disposal Mark Anthony = heir to Caesar’s forces; lover of Cleopatra VII Battle of Actium (31 BC) – Octavian defeats Mark Anthony “Restoration” of the Republic by Octavian Augustus the “Princeps” (31 BCE-14 AD) 27 BCE = Imperator Caesar Divi filius Augustus = PrincepsMarble Statue of Augustus from Prima PortaThe Expansion of the Roman Empire to A.D.
View Full Document
Unlocking...