12.3.08 1 Lecture 25: The Case of England 1. The Tudor Dynasty and Henry VIII’s “great matter” A. Henry VII and royal majesty B. Henry VIII and the power to sire 2. The Creation of the Anglican Church, 1534 A. Monarchy and Church: Act of Supremacy B. Provoking the Pope: Act of Suppression C. Rule in the French Manner – above the law 3. The Stripping of the Altars A. Henry VIII”s heirs: From Protestant to Catholic and back again B. Elizabeth I and a “mingle-mangled” Church C. The problem of belief by 1600 The Tudor Dynasty of England Henry VII (r. 1485-1509) – consolidates Tudor Dynasty and seeks to rule in the French manner = absolutely; to be above the law. Henry VIII (r. 1509-1547) – Ruled as head of the Anglican Church in England – m. Catherine of Aragon (seeks to divorce her ca. 1520s) – m. Anne Boleyn, 1534 – (seeks a male heir) – Will marry four more times before his death The Creation of the Anglican Church -- 1534, Act of Supremacy – Henry VIII “supreme head” of the Church of England -- 1536, Act of Suppression – Suppresses lesser monasteries in England; soon thereafter he becomes “sucked into the Protestant world pool of religious politics.” -- In 1539 he suppresses the great monasteries of the realm and seizes the lands and wealth of the church = dramatic break with the papacy and Catholic church -- 1539, Act of Proclamations – what the king says is law = dramatic consolidation of royal power. Henry VIII’s Heirs Edward VI (r. 1547-1553) – rules with a militant Protestant agenda12.3.08 2 Mary “Bloody Mary” (r. 1553-1558) – Returns England to Catholicism Elizabeth I (r. 1558-1603) – Compromise church in England created -- 1559 issues a new Act of Supremacy = calls herself prince and king (not queen) and states that she is “governor” of the church not “the supreme head.” -- 1563 issues the Thirty-Nine Articles that create a new Anglican Church of England = Catholic ritual tempered by Calvinist/Protestant doctrine. Article XXII: Of Purgatory “The Romish Doctrine concerning Purgatory, Pardons, Worshiping and Adoration, as well of Images as of Reliques, and also invocation of Saints, is a fond thing vainly invented, and grounded upon no warranty of Scripture, but rather repugnant to the Word of God.” “I do not want windows into men’s
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